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Network Communication Media and Devices, Exercises of Computer science

Computer science

A comprehensive overview of different network communication media and their characteristics, as well as an in-depth discussion of various network devices and their functionalities. It covers twisted pair cables, coaxial cables, fiber optic cables, wireless communication, satellite communication, and microwave and radio waves, highlighting the unique features and applications of each. The document also delves into the operation and principles of key network devices such as routers, switches, hubs, access points, bridges, gateways, firewalls, modems, repeaters, and proxy servers. This information would be highly valuable for students and professionals studying or working in the field of computer networking, as it offers a solid foundation in understanding the fundamental components and technologies that enable modern network communication.

Typology: Exercises

2021/2022

Uploaded on 08/07/2024

akila-nilupul
akila-nilupul 🇱🇰

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1. Discuss different network communication media and its characteristics.
Twisted Pair Cables
A pair of insulated copper wires is twisted together to form a twisted pair cable. Reduced
electromagnetic interference is a result of the twisting.
Characteristics
UTP - In Ethernet networks, UTP (Unshielded Twisted Pair) is frequently utilized. It is
inexpensive and simple to set up, but its bandwidth and range are constrained.
STP - Additional shielding against electromagnetic interference is provided by STP (Shielded
Twisted Pair). used in settings where interference is more prevalent.
Coaxial Cables
Coaxial cables are made up of an outside insulating layer, a metallic shield, and an insulating
substance surrounding a core copper conductor.
Characteristics
Applied to specific Ethernet networks and cable television (CATV).
Compared to twisted pair cables, it provides greater bandwidth and better shielding.
Fit for travel at moderate distances.
Fiber Optic Cables
Fiber optic cables use plastic or glass fibers to carry light pulses that carry data.
Characteristics
Immunity to electromagnetic interference, high bandwidth, and low attenuation (signal loss).
Perfect for high-speed networks and long-distance communication.
More costly than wires made of copper.
Wireless Communication
Without the need for physical cords, data can be transmitted wirelessly via electromagnetic
waves.
Characteristics
Contains Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, and cellular networks.
Allows for flexibility and mobility.
The distance and barriers may affect the signal's strength and speed.
Satellite Communication
Utilizing satellites in Earth's orbit for communication is known as satellite communication.
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1. Discuss different network communication media and its characteristics.Twisted Pair Cables A pair of insulated copper wires is twisted together to form a twisted pair cable. Reduced electromagnetic interference is a result of the twisting. Characteristics UTP - In Ethernet networks, UTP (Unshielded Twisted Pair) is frequently utilized. It is inexpensive and simple to set up, but its bandwidth and range are constrained. STP - Additional shielding against electromagnetic interference is provided by STP (Shielded Twisted Pair). used in settings where interference is more prevalent.  Coaxial Cables Coaxial cables are made up of an outside insulating layer, a metallic shield, and an insulating substance surrounding a core copper conductor. Characteristics Applied to specific Ethernet networks and cable television (CATV). Compared to twisted pair cables, it provides greater bandwidth and better shielding. Fit for travel at moderate distances.  Fiber Optic Cables Fiber optic cables use plastic or glass fibers to carry light pulses that carry data. Characteristics Immunity to electromagnetic interference, high bandwidth, and low attenuation (signal loss). Perfect for high-speed networks and long-distance communication. More costly than wires made of copper.  Wireless Communication Without the need for physical cords, data can be transmitted wirelessly via electromagnetic waves. Characteristics Contains Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, and cellular networks. Allows for flexibility and mobility. The distance and barriers may affect the signal's strength and speed.  Satellite Communication Utilizing satellites in Earth's orbit for communication is known as satellite communication.

Characteristics Ideal for international and long-distance communication. The long travel distance may cause signal lag and result in high setup expenses initially. Frequently utilized in places where it is not feasible to install other types of communication infrastructure.  Microwave and Radio Waves Radio frequency signals are used in microwave and radio wave communication. Characteristics Frequently used in links for point-to-point communication. Allows for minimal latency and large bandwidth. Affected by interference and atmospheric conditions.

2. Discuss different network devices and functionalities and their operation principles.Router A router is a networking device that facilitates the connection of multiple networks and the direction of data traffic between them. Functionality Identifies the optimal forwarding path by looking up destination IP addresses in data packets. updates and optimizes the path selection using routing protocols and routing table maintenance. permits communication between devices connected to various networks or subnets. Operation Layer Network Layer (Layer 3).  Switch A switch is a local area network (LAN) device that links devices and forwards data intelligently based on MAC addresses. Functionality Creates and keeps track of a MAC address database in order to effectively forward frames to the precise port that the intended device is on.

Data Link Layer (Layer 2).  Gateway Through the process of translating between various network protocols, a gateway connects disparate types of networks and facilitates communication between them. Functionality Allows communication between networks with disparate architectures by translating protocols and data formats. Operation Layer Operates across multiple layers.  Firewall Incoming and outgoing network traffic are monitored and controlled by firewalls, which are network security devices, in accordance with pre-established security rules. Functionality Uses rules-based packet filtering to shield against harmful material and stop unwanted access. Operation Layer Typically covers layer 3 (network layer) and up, layer 7 (application layer).  Modem In order to transmit digital data across analog communication lines, a modem (modulator- demodulator) transforms digital data from a computer into analog signals, and vice versa. Functionality Denotes "modulator-demodulator." Converts digital and analog signals to enable communication over cable networks or phone lines. Operation Layer Physical Layer (Layer 1).  Repeater Repeaters are network devices that increase a network's coverage area by regenerating and retransmitting signals. Functionality

Retransmits, amplifies, and receives signals in order to extend the coverage area and overcome signal degradation. Operation Layer Physical Layer (Layer 1).  Proxy Server In order to handle requests and enhance speed, security, and privacy, a proxy server stands in between clients and servers. Functionality Improves response times and lowers bandwidth consumption by caching frequently requested material. Increases privacy and security by screening material and masking client IP addresses. Operation Layer Functions at multiple layers, including Application Layer, which is Layer 7.