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Network+ Entire Course (Except Security
Concepts)
File Transfer Protocol (FTP) ANS: 20, 21
Provides Insecure file transfers.
Secure Shell (SSH) ANS: 22
Secure remote control of another machine using a text-based environment.
Secure File Transfer Protocol (SFTP) ANS: 22
Provides secure file transfers
Telnet ANS: 23
Provides insecure remote control of another machine using a text-based environment.
Simple Mail transfer Protocol (SMTP) ANS: 25
Provides the ability to send emails over the network.
Domain Name Service (DNS) ANS: 53
Converts domain names to IP addresses, and IP address to domain names.
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) ANS: 67, 68
Automatically provides network parameters to your clients, such as their assigned IP address, subnet mask, default gateway, and the DNS server they should use.
Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP) ANS: 69
Used as a lightweight file transfer method for sending configuration files or network booting of an operating system.
Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP) ANS: 80
Used for insecure web browsing.
Post Office Protocol Version Three (POP3) ANS: 110
Used by local email clients to retrieve email from a remote server over a TCP IP connection.
Network Time Protocol (NTP) ANS: 123
Used to keep accurate time for clients on a network. (Clock Synchronisation).
Network Basic Input/output System (NetBIOS) ANS: 139
Used for file or printer sharing in a Windows network.
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol Transport Layer Security (SMTP TLS) ANS: 587
Secure and encrypted way to send emails.
Lightweight Directory Access Protocol - Secure (LDAPS) ANS: 636
Provides secure directory services.
Internet Message Access Protocol over SSL (IMAP over SSL) ANS: 993
Secure and encrypted way to receive emails.
Post Office Protocol Version 3 over SSL (POP3 over SSL) ANS: 995
Secure and encrypted way to receive emails.
Structured Query Language Server Protocol (SQL) ANS: 1433
Used for communication from a client to the database engine.
SQLnet Protocol ANS: 1521
Used for communication from a client to an Oracle database.
MySQL ANS: 3306
Used for communication from a client to the MySQL database engine.
Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) ANS: 3389
Provides graphical remote control of another client or server.
Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) (Ports) ANS: 5060, 5061
Twisted Pairs ______ crosstalk interference. ANS: reduce
IEEE standard that specifies how VLAN and trunking information appear in frames and how switches and bridges interpret that information ANS: 801.q
The IEEE standard that describes, among other things, bridging and STP (Spanning Tree Protocol). ANS: 801.d
802.3ad ANS: Combines multiple physical connections into a single logical connection to minimize or prevent congestion. (Link Aggregation)
802.3af, 802.3at ANS: Supplies electrical power over ethernet and requires CAT 5 or higher copper cable. (PoE, PoE+)
OSI Layer 1 ANS: Physical Layer
OSI Layer 2 ANS: Data Link Layer
Single Mode Fiber (SMF) ANS: Covers longer distances, smaller core size.
Multimode Fiber (MMF) ANS: Covers shorter distances, larger core size.
Fiber SC - Subscriber Connector ANS: Stick and Click connector
Fiber ST - Straight Tip Connector ANS: Stick and Twist Connector
Fiber MTRJ - Mechanical Transfer Registered Jack ANS: Both transmit and receive pins terminated
Fiber LC - Lucent Connector ANS: Love Connector (side-by-side)
Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) ANS: Combines multiple signals into one signal and sends over a single fiber optic strand using different wavelengths of the laser light source
Bidirectional (half-duplex communication) ANS: Known as half-duplex communication where devices must take turns to communicate.
Duplex (Full Duplex Communication) ANS: Known as full duplex communication where devices are able to communicate at the same time.
GBIC (Gigabit Interface Converter) ANS: Standard hot-pluggable Ethernet transceiver that can take in copper or fiber as its connector
Cable Distribution System ANS: An organised system that connects the network's backbone in the MDF (Main Distribution Frame) to the IDF (Intermediate Distribution Frame) and finally to the end user's wall jacks.
Demarcation Point ANS: Where the ISPs (Internet Service Provider's) connection ends and your network begins.
Backbone switch ANS: Connects to everything on the network
Main Distribution Frame (MDF) ANS: A telecommunications closet which serves as the main starting point for all interior cabling
Cable Tray ANS: A unit or assembly of units that form a rigid structural system to securely support the cables and raceways.
Intermediate Distribution Frame (IDF) ANS: Contains an edge switch, a patch panel, and other associated equipment to support the floor and offices nearest to it.
110 Block (most common & modern) ANS: Supports high speed data networks for CAT 5 and above and includes the use of insulation displacement contract connectors.
Patch Panel ANS: Keeps a data centre or server room organised by making it easy to move, add, or change a cable distribution infrastructure.
Fiber Distribution Panels ANS: Convert fiber connections from one type to another (using a fiber connector; LC, ST, SC and MTRJ)
Coaxial Cable ANS: insulated copper wire; used to carry high-speed data traffic and television signals
Twinaxial Cable ANS: Similar to coaxial cable but uses two inner conductors to carry the data instead of just one
10 Gbps
100 meters
Cat 7 ANS: 10GBASE-T
10 Gbps
100 meters
Cat 8 ANS: 40GBASE-T
40 Gbps
30 meters
Straight Through Cable (Patch Cable) ANS: Contains the same pinout on both ends of the cable
Crossover Cable ANS: Swaps the send and receive pins on the other end of the cable when the connector and its pinout are created.
Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection (CSMA/CD) ANS: Prevents collisions by using carrier-sensing to defer transmissions until no other stations are transmitting.
Collision Domain ANS: Each area of the network that shares a single segment
Hub (Layer 1) ANS: Also known as a multiport repeater, it is a Layer 1 device that connects multiple network devices and workstations.
Bridge (layer 2) ANS: Analyses source MAC addresses and makes intelligent forwarding decisions based on the destination MAC in the frames.
Switch (layer 2) ANS: Also known as a multiport bridge, it is a Layer 2 device that connects multiple network segments together.
Router (layer 3) ANS: Layer 3 device that connects multiple networks and makes forwarding decisions based on logical network information.
Multilayer Switch (layer 3) ANS: Makes Layer 3 routing decisions and then interconnects entire networks, not just network segments.
PoE 802.3af ANS: Up to 15.4 watts (PoE)
PoE+ 802.3at ANS: Up to 25.5 watts (PoE)
Port Monitoring or Mirroring ANS: Makes a copy of all traffic destined for a port and sends it to another port
User Authentication (802.1x) ANS: Requires users to authenticate themselves before gaining access to the network
Out-of-band (OOB) Management ANS: Keeps all network configuration devices on a separate network
First Hop Redundancy Protocols ANS: A class of protocols that includes HSRP, VRRP, and GLBP, which allows multiple redundant routers on the same subnet to act as a single default router (first-hop router).
MAC/Traffic Filtering ANS: Permits or denies traffic based on MAC/IP address or application ports.
Quality of Service (QoS) ANS: Forwards traffic based on priority markings.
VPN Headend ANS: A specific type of VPN concentrator used to terminate IPSec VPN tunnels within a router or other device.
Firewall ANS: A network security appliance placed at the boundary of a network.
Next Generation Firewall (NGFW) ANS: Conducts deep packet inspection at Layer 7 and can look through traffic to detect and prevent attacks.
Intrusion Detection/Prevention System (IDS/IPS) ANS: Recognizes and responds to attacks through signatures and anomalies.
Proxy Server ANS: A specialized device that makes requests to an external network on behalf of a client.
Content Engine/Caching Engine ANS: Dedicated appliance that performs the caching functions of a proxy server
Content Switch/Load Balancer ANS: Distributes incoming requests across the various servers in a server farm
VoIP Phones ANS: A hardware device that connects to your IP network to make a connection to a call manager within your network.
Unified Communications (or Call) Manager ANS: Used to perform the call processing for hardware and software-based IP phones
Routing Table ANS: Helps determine which route entry is the best fit for the network.
Router ANS: Forwards traffic between subnets, between an internal and external network, or between two external networks.
Route Entry Prefix (Routing) ANS: The longer this prefix is, the more specific that network is.
Directly Connected Route ANS: Learned by physical connection between routers.
Static Route ANS: Manually configured by an administrator
Default Static Route ANS: (0.0.0.0/0) If you don't know where to go, just go here
Dynamic Route ANS: Learned by exchanging information between routers.
Split Horizon ANS: Prevents a route learned on one interface from being advertised back out of that same interface
Poison Reverse ANS: Causes a route received on one interface to be advertised back out of that same interface with a metric considered to be infinite.
Inerior Gateway Protocol (IGP) ANS: Operates within an autonomous system.
Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP) ANS: Operate between autonomous systems.
Distance Vector (Routing Protocols) ANS: Sends full copy of routing table to its directly connected neighbours at regular intervals. (Slow Convergence time)
Convergence (routing protocols) ANS: The time it takes for routers to update their routing tables in response to a topology change.
DNAT (Dynamic Network Address Translation) ANS: Automatically assigns an IP address from a pool and gives a one-to-one translation.
SNAT (Static Network Address Translation) ANS: Manually assings an IP address and gives a one-to-one translation.
PAT (Port Address Translation) ANS: Sharing of one public IP by multiple private IP addresses which gives a many-to-one translation.
Inside Local ANS: A private IP address referencing an inside device
Inside Global ANS: A public IP address referencing an inside device
Outside Local ANS: Public IP address referencing an outside device.
Outside Global ANS: Private IP address referencing an outside device.
Multicast Routing ANS: Multicast sender sends traffic to a class D IP address known as a multicast group its goal is to send the traffic only to the devices that want it
IGMP (Internet Group Management Protocol) ANS: Lets routers know which interfaces have multicast receivers and allows clients to join a multicast group.
IGMPv1 ANS: Clients request to join the group and are asked every 60 seconds if they want to remain inside the group.
IGMPv2 ANS: Client can send a leave message to exit multicast group
IGMPv3 ANS: Client can request multicast only from specific server
Called source-specific multicast (SSM)
Allows multiple video streams to single multicast
PIM (Protocol Independent Multicast) ANS: Routes multicast traffic between routers and forms a multicast distribution tree.
Dense Mode (PIM-DM) ANS: Uses periodic flood and prune behaviour to form an optimal distribution tree.
Sparse Mode (PIM-SM) ANS: Uses a shared distribution tree and creates an optimal distribution tree through the shortest path tree (SPT) switchover.
Classless Routing Protocol ANS: A routing protocol that includes subnet mask information in the routing updates.
Classful Routing Protocol ANS: Does not transmit the mask information along with the subnet number, and therefore must consider Class A, B, and C network boundaries and perform autosummarization at those boundaries. Does not support VLSM.
DNS (Domain Name System) using UDP ANS: Lookup or Domain Name Query
DNS (Domain Name System) using TCP ANS: Zone Transfer
DNS Zone Transfer ANS: Sharing of information between DNS servers about which domain names they have and their associated IP addresses. (TCP for verification)
Public (Routable) IPv4 Address ANS: Can be access over the internet and is assigned to the network by an Internet service provider.
ICANN - Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers ANS: Globally manages and leases publically routable IP Addresses.
ARIN (ICANN) ANS: North America
LACNIC (ICANN) ANS: Latin America
AFNIC (ICANN) ANS: Africa
APNIC (ICANN) ANS: Asia Pacific
RIPE (ICANN) ANS: Europe
Private (Non-routable) IP Address ANS: Can be used by anyone, at any time, but only within their own local area network. (10, 172 or 192!)
RFC 1918 (Request for Comments) ANS: Used to document how organisations could conduct address allocation for private internets (Intranets)
Class A Private IPs ANS: 10.0.0.0 - 10.255.255.
Class B Private IPs ANS: 172.16.0.0 - 172.31.255.
Class C Private IPs ANS: 192.168.0.0 - 192.168.255.
Loopback Address ANS: 127.0.0.
Automatic Private IP Addresses (APIPA) ANS: Used when a device does not have a static IP address or cannot reach a DHCP server (169.254.0.0 - 169.254.255.255)
Virtual IP Address (VIP or VIPA) ANS: An IP address that does not correlate to an actual physical network interface (used for NAT, Fault-tolerance & virtualization)
Subinterfaces ANS: A virtual interface that is created by dividing up one physical interface into multiple logical interfaces.
Unicast ANS: Data travels from a single source device to a single destination device.
Multicast ANS: Data travels from a single source device to multiple (but specific) destination devices.
Broadcast ANS: Data travels from a single source device to all devices on a destination network.
Windows Internet Name Service (WINS) ANS: Identifies NetBIOS systems on a TCP/IP network and converts those NetBIOS names to IP addresses
Four configuration items DHCP provides to clients ANS: IP Address, Subnet Mask, Defualt Gateway & DNS/WINS Server
Zero Configuration (Zeroconf) (Bonjour on Apple) (LLMNR on Windows) ANS: A newer technology based on APIPA which provides a lot of the same features and some new ones (mDNS) (can resolve computer names to IP addresses without the need for DNS)
