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COMPTIA A+ CORE 1 NETWORKING
FTP (File Transfer Protocol) - an internet standard that permits file uploading and downloading to and from other computers on the internet. TCP 21 Secure Shell (SSH) Protocol - A cryptographic network protocol for operating network services securely over an unsecured network. The best known example application is for remote login to computer systems by users. TCP port 22 Telnet - Unencrypted remote logins TCP 23 Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) - An Internet-standard protocol for sending email messages between servers on IP networks. Because SMTP is generally used to send messages from a mail client to a mail server, you should specify both the POP or IMAP server and the SMTP server when configuring an email application. TCP 25 Domain Name System (DNS) - Internet service that translates domain names into IP addresses. UDP 53 HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) - the protocol used for transmitting web pages over the Internet. TCP 80 POP3 (Post Office Protocol version 3) - A protocol used from retrieving email from a mailbox on the mail server. TCP 110 IMAP (Internet Message Access Protocol) - a common protocol for retrieving email messages via the Internet. TCP UDP 143 HTTPS (Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure) - An encrypted version of HTTP. It uses port TCP 443. RDP (Remote Desktop Protocol) - The protocol used by Microsoft's Terminal Set.vices implementations. TCP 3389 NetBIOS/NetBT - hat allows legacy computer applications relying on the NetBIOS API to be used on modern TCP/IP networks. 137- SMB/CIFS (Server Message Block and Common Internet File System) - is a communication protocol for providing shared access to files, printers, and serial ports between nodes on a network. It also provides an authenticated inter-process communication mechanism. Port 445
SLP (Service Location Protocol) - a service discovery protocol that allows computers and other devices to find services in a local area network without prior configuration. TCP 427 UDP 427 AFP (Apple Filing Protocol) - An outdated file access protocol used by early editions of the Mac operating system by Apple and is one protocol in the suite of AppleTalk networking protocols. TCP 548 DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) - A network service that provides automatic assignment of IP addresses and other TCP /IP configuration information. UDP 67, 68 LDAP (Lightweight Directory Access Protocol) - A communications protocol that defines how a client can access information, perform operations, and share directory data on a server. TCP 389 SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) - An Application-layer protocol used to exchange information between network devices. UDP 161/ TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) - A connection-oriented, guaranteed-delivery protocol used to send data packets between computers over a network like the Internet. UDP (User Datagram Protocol) - connectionless protocol that does not require a connection to send a packet and does not guarantee that the packet arrives at its destination TCP/IP - Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol. Protocol that connects computers to the Internet. Tells computers how to exchange information over the Internet. Application layer (OSI) - -contains the networking application protocol that is used to "Carry and present" the "payload" or data -is the protocol that defines the data that the user views while using applications -AKA layer 7 Presentation Layer (OSI) - -performs 3 main functions: -data formatting: converts data to/from standardized formats -data compression/expansion: reduces large amounts of data into smaller file sizes -data encryption/decryption:makes data unreadable w/o the correct key (apps don't understand encryption, so this layer does it) -responsible for presenting information to the application layer in the manner expected -AKA layer 6 Session Layer (OSI) - -allows applications functioning on devices to establish, manage, and terminate a dialog (or session) through a network
Logical Link Control Sublayer - The upper sublayer in the Data Link layer. provides a common interface and supplies reliability and flow control services. Flow and error control for a single hop Detection: parity bit or Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) Correction: Forward Error Correction (FEC) Routers - A layer 3 device that used to connect two or more network segments and regulate traffic. special purpose devices that are designed to read the source and destination address fields in IP packet headers to decide where to send (route) the packet next Switches - A layer 2 device that used to connect two or more network segments and regulate traffic. Managed Switch - A switch that can be configured via a command-line interface and sometimes can be configured in groups. Usually, they are assigned their own IP addresses. VLANs can only be implemented through managed switches. Unmanaged Switch - A basic Layer 2 switch. This will work simply by plugging it in and connecting it. It is not configurable. Access points - device with radio receiver/transmitter for connecting wireless devices to a wired LAN Cloud Computing - use of web services to perform functions that were traditionally performed with software on an individual computer; i.e. Flickr, Google Docs, etc. Firewall - (computing) a security system consisting of a combination of hardware and software that limits the exposure of a computer or computer network to attack from crackers Network Interface Card (NIC) - An expansion card that enables a computer to connect other computers or to a cable modem to facilitate a high-speed Internet connection. Repeater - a device that picks up signals from lower-power radio units, such as mobile and portable radios, and retransmits them at a higher power. It allows low-power radio signals to be transmitted over longer distances. hub - A device that uses its ports to connect devices (computers, printers, etc.) together DSL modem - a broadband modem that sends digital data and information from a computer to a DSL line and receives digital data and information from a DSL line Network Bridge - device dividing traffic on a local area network
Patch Panel - A device that provides multiple network ports for cables that converge in one location such as an electrical closet or server room. Power over Ethernet (PoE) - Technology that provides power and data transmis- sion through a single network cable. Power over Ethernet (PoE) injector - A hardware device that sits between a switch and an access point that requires power to be provided over the Ethernet connection. The injector supplies the power on the Ethernet connection if the switch is not equipped to do so. Network Switch - network controller which connects network devices and allows effective communication between these devices Ethernet over Power (EoP) - An Ethernet LAN connection implemented over the electrical wiring in a building using a pair of power-line adapters, one at each end of the connection, that plug into power outlets. IP Addressing - A method of labeling any device connected to the network with a unique numerical value. Uses four bytes usually expressed in this notation: 123.123.003. Network Router - A device found at each intersection on the Internet backbone that examines the IP address of incoming data, and forwards the data towards its destination. Wireless NIC (WNIC) - Devices that enable wireless networks by communicating with wireless access points. Such devices can be cards that slide into the PCMA slot or they can be built-in, onboard devices. operate according to the 802.11 protocol. Wired NIC - refers to any physical medium consisting of cables. The cables can be copper wire, twisted pair or fiber optic. Wired network is used to carry different forms of electrical signals from one end to the other. Mostly in wired network one internet connection is being taken using T1 line, cable modem or using any other means. This connection is shared among multiple devices using wired network concept. access point (AP) - the computer or network device that serves as an interface between devices and the network End-user device - -Multi-Media Video Audio -Encryption -Productivity
802.11ac - Wireless networking standard that operates in the 5-GHz band and uses multiple in/multiple out (MIMO) and multi-user MIMO (MU-MIMO) to achieve a theoretical maximum throughput of 1 Gbps. 2.4-GHz band - The range of radio frequencies from 2.4 to 2.4835 GHz. The 2.4 GHz band, which allows for 11 unlicensed channels, is used by WLANs that follow the popular 802.11b and 802.11g standards. However, it is also used for cordless telephone and other transmissions, making the 2.4 GHz band more susceptible to interference than the 5-GHz band. 5-GHz band - A range of frequencies that comprises four frequency bands: 5.1 GHz, 5. GHz, 5.4 GHz, and 5.8 GHz. It consists of 24 unlicensed bands, each 20 MHz wide. The 5-GHz band is used by WLANs that follow the 802.11a and 802.11n standards. 4G networks - the next evolution in wireless communication is entirely packet switched and capable of providing between 1 Mbps and 1 Gbps speeds; up to ten times faster than 3G networks. 5G - provides cellular data at speeds of 20 Gbps, with enhanced MIMO (multiple-input multiple-output) communications to serve an increasing number of IoT devices. LTE (Long Term Evolution) - A 4G cellular network technology that achieves downlink data rates of up to 1 Gbps and uplink rates up to 500 Mbps. AT&T and Verizon have adopted it for their high-speed wireless data networks. ZigBee - - 802.15.
- Low cost cable replacement technology
- Close to 100M nodes in 2012
- Honeywell = HVAC systems
- used for low power consumption and rely on long, multi-year battery life Z-Wave - A short-range low-power network technology used for the Internet of Things. 3G - Third generation wireless communication technology allows high speed wireless data transfer Web Server - a computer that delivers requested webpages to your computer or mobile device File server - A specialized server that enables clients to share applications and data across the network. print server - a server that manages all client-requested jobs for all printers on a network
DHCP server - Assigns an IP address to a computer when it first attempts to initiate a connection to the network DNS server - a computer or a group of computers that maintain a database to enable a computer to know the IP address of a URL proxy server - A computer system (or an application program) that intercepts internal user requests and then processes that request on behalf of the user. Mail server - A server that manages the storage and transfer of e-mail messages. authentication server - a server that keeps track of who is logging on to the network and which services on the network are available to each user Syslog server - A type of server used for collecting system messages from networked devices Unified Threat Management (UTM) - comprehensive security management tool that combines multiple security tools, including firewalls, virtual private networks, intrusion detection systems, and web content filtering and anti-spam software IDS (Intrusion Detection System) - A software and/ or hardware system that scans, audits, and monitors the security infrastructure for signs of attacks in progress. IPS (Intrusion Prevention System) - An active, inline security device that monitors suspicious network and/ or system traffic and reacts in real time to block it Also called a Network Intrusion Prevention System (NIPS). legacy system - a current or existing system that will become the base for upgrading or integrating with a new system Embedded System - An operating system that combines processors and software in a device. static IP address - An IP address that is manually assigned to a device and remains constant until it is manually changed. dynamic IP address - An IP address that is assigned to a device upon request and may change when the DHCP lease expires or is terminated. BOOTP and DHCP are two ways of assigning dynamic IP addresses. APIPA (Automatic Private IP Addressing) - A service that enables a DHCP client computer to configure itself automatically with an IP address on the 169.254.0. network in case no DHCP servers respond to the client's DHCP discover broadcast.
Local Area Network (LAN) - A network in which the nodes are located within a small geographic area. Wide Area Network (WAN) - connects computers across a wider geographical area Personal Area Network (PAN) - provides communication for devices owned by a single user that work over a short distance Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) - network that spans a metropolitan area, usually a city and its major suburbs. Its geographic scope falls between a WAN and a LAN wireless mesh network (WMN) - A wireless network in which multiple APs work as peer devices on the same network, thereby providing more fault-tolerant network access to clients. Crimper - A tool used to attach a terminator or connector to the end of a cable. Cable Stripper - • Quickly remove the insulation from the copper
- Speeds the cable installation process Multimeter - A measuring instrument for current, voltage, and resistance Tone generator and probe - • Find a specific wire
- 2 pieces; tone generator and inductive probe cable tester - A tool used to test a cable to find out if it is good or to find out what type of cable it is if the cable is not labeled. loopback plug - A device used to test a port in a computer or other device to make sure the port is working and might also test the throughput or speed of the port. punchdown tool - A tool used to punch individual wires from a network cable into their slots to terminate the cable. WiFi analyzer - • Purpose-built hardware or mobile device add-on
- Identify errors and interference
