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VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

JNANA SANGAMA, BELGAVI-590018, KARNATAKA

NETWORK MANAGEMENT

(18CS742)

Department of Information Science & Engineering

Program Outcomes (POs)

PO1 Engineering Knowledge: Apply knowledge of mathematics and science, with fundamentals of Computer Science & Engineering to be able to solve complex engineering problems related to CSE. PO2 Problem Analysis: Identify, Formulate, review research literature and analyse complex engineering problems related to CSE and reaching substantiated conclusions using first principles of mathematics, natural sciences and engineering sciences. PO3 Design/Development of Solutions: Design solutions for complex engineering problems related to CSE and design system components or processes that meet the specified needs with appropriate consideration for the public health and safety and the cultural societal and environmental considerations. PO4 Conduct Investigations of Complex Problems : Use research–based knowledge and research methods including design of experiments, analysis and interpretation of data, and synthesis of the information to provide valid conclusions. PO5 (^) Modern Tool Usage: Create, Select and apply appropriate techniques, resources and modern engineering and IT tools including prediction and modelling to computer science related complex engineering activities with an understanding of the limitations. PO6 The Engineer and Society: Apply Reasoning informed by the contextual knowledge to assess societal, health, safety, legal and cultural issues and the consequent responsibilities relevant to the CSE professional engineering practice. PO7 Environment and Sustainability: Understand the impact of the CSE professional engineering solutions in societal and environmental contexts and demonstrate the knowledge of, and need for sustainable development. PO8 Ethics: Apply Ethical Principles and commit to professional ethics and responsibilities and norms of the engineering practice. PO9 Individual and Team Work: Function effectively as an individual and as a member or leader in diverse teams and in multidisciplinary Settings. PO10 Communication: Communicate effectively on complex engineering activities with the engineering community and with society at large such as able to comprehend and with write effective reports and design documentation, make effective presentations and give and receive clear instructions. PO11 Project Management and Finance: Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the engineering management principles and apply these to one’s own work, as a member and leader in a team, to manage projects and in multi-disciplinary environments. PO12 Life-Long Learning: Recognize the need for and have the preparation and ability to engage in independent and life-long learning the broadest context of technological change.

PKM Educational Trust ® R. R. Institute of Technology Affiliated to VTU Belgaum and Approved by AICTE, New Delhi ,Recognized by Govt. of Karnataka Accredited by NAAC with ‘B+’ Raja Reddy Layout, Chikkabanavara, Bengaluru – 560 090

Department of Information Science &Engineering

R. R Institute of Technology Department of CSE

NETWORK MANAGEMENT – 18CS SEMESTER – VII

Module 1

Introduction: Analogy of Telephone Network Management, Data and Telecommunication Network Distributed computing Environments, TCP/IP-Based Networks: The Internet and Intranets, Communications Protocols and Standards- Communication Architectures, Protocol Layers and Services; Case Histories of Networking and Management – The Importance of topology , Filtering Does Not Reduce Load on Node, Some Common Network Problems; Challenges of Information Technology Managers, Network Management: Goals, Organization, and Functions- Goal of Network Management, Network Provisioning, Network Operations and the NOC, Network Installation and Maintenance; Network and System Management, Network Management System platform, Current Status and Future of Network Management.

Module 2

Basic Foundations: Standards, Models, and Language: Network Management Standards, Network Management Model, Organization Model, Information Model – Management Information Trees, Managed Object Perspectives, Communication Model; ASN.1- Terminology, Symbols, and Conventions, Objects and Data Types, Object Names, An Example of ASN.1 from ISO 8824; Encoding Structure; Macros, Functional Model.

Module 3

SNMPv1 Network Management: Managed Network: The History of SNMP Management, Internet Organizations and standards, Internet Documents, The SNMP Model, The Organization Model, System Overview. The Information Model – Introduction, The Structure of Management Information, Managed Objects, Management Information Base. The SNMP Communication Model

• The SNMP Architecture, Administrative Model, SNMP Specifications, SNMP Operations, SNMP MIB Group, Functional Model SNMP Management – RMON: Remote Monitoring, RMON SMI and MIB, RMONI1- RMON1 Textual Conventions, RMON1 Groups and Functions, Relationship Between Control and Data Tables, RMON1 Common and Ethernet Groups, RMON Token Ring Extension Groups, RMON2 – The RMON2 Management Information Base, RMON2 Conformance Specifications.

Module 4

Broadband Access Networks, Broadband Access Technology; HFCT Technology: The Broadband LAN, The Cable Modem, The Cable Modem Termination System, The HFC Plant, The RF Spectrum for Cable Modem; Data Over Cable, Reference Architecture; HFC Management – Cable Modem

and CMTS Management, HFC Link Management, RF Spectrum Management, DSL Technology; Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line Technology – Role of the ADSL Access Network in an Overall Network, ADSL Architecture, ADSL Channelling Schemes, ADSL Encoding Schemes; ADSL Management – ADSL Network Management Elements, ADSL Configuration Management, ADSL Fault Management, ADSL Performance Management, SNMP-Based ADSL Line MIB, MIB Integration with Interfaces Groups in MIB-2, ADSL Configuration Profiles

Module 5

Network Management Applications: Configuration Management- Network Provisioning, Inventory Management, Network Topology, Fault Management- Fault Detection, Fault Location and Isolation Techniques, Performance Management – Performance Metrics, Data Monitoring, Problem Isolation, Performance Statistics; Event Correlation Techniques – Rule-Based Reasoning, Model-Based Reasoning, CaseBased Reasoning, Codebook correlation Model, State Transition Graph Model, Finite State Machine Model, Security Management – Policies and Procedures, Security Breaches and the Resources Needed to Prevent Them, Firewalls, Cryptography, Authentication and Authorization, Client/Server Authentication Systems, Messages Transfer Security, Protection of Networks from Virus Attacks, Accounting Management, Report Management, Policy- Based Management, Service Level Management.

Text Books:

1. Mani Subramanian: Network Management- Principles and Practice, 2nd Pearson Education, 2010

Reference Books:

1. J. Richard Burke: Network management Concepts and Practices: a Hands-On Approach,PHI,

2. Message switched or
3. Packet switched.

• In the circuit switched mode, a physical circuit is established between the originating & terminating ends beforethe data is transmitted. The circuit is disconnected after completion of transmission.
• In message-switched & packet-switched modes, the data is broken into packets & each packet is enveloped withthe destination & originating addresses.
• Message-switched mode is used to send long messages such as email. Whereas ,Packet switched mode is used totransmit small packets used in applications such as interactive communication.
• In message switched mode, the data is stored by the system & then retrieved by the user at a later time. In packetswitched mode, the packets are fragmented & reassembled in almost real time.
• The bridges & routers open each packet to find the destination address & switch the data to the appropriate outputlinks.

DATA & TELECOMMUNICATION NETWORKS

• Telecommunication network is a circuit-switched network that is structured as a public network accessible by anyuser (Figure: 1.3).
• The organization that provides service is called a telecommunication service provider E.g. BSNL, Airtel.
• To interface, a terminal or host connected to an end-office switch communicates with the host connected toanother end-office switch by modems at each end.
• Modems transfer the information from digital to analog at source & back to digital at destination.

INTERIM CORPORATE DATA & TELECOMMUNICATION NETWORK

• A number of telephones & computers terminals at various corporate sites are connected by the telecommunicationnetwork (Figure: 1.4).
• The telephone are connected locally by a local switch, PBX, which interfaces to the telephone network.
• The computer terminals are connected to onsite communication controllers, which manages the local terminals &provides a single interface to the telephone network.
• In the above corporate environment, the computer terminals communicate directly with the host.
• This communication system architecture is expensive & inefficient because the user has to pay for the data trafficover the public or leased telecommunications line.
• To reduce the cost & improve the performance, the computer terminals can communicate with a localcommunications processor, which can then communicate with remote hosts.
• Processor-to-processor communications over the telecommunications lines takes less time & therefore are lessexpensive.

• The client initiates a request to the server & waits (Figure: 1.7).
• The server executes the process to provide the requested service & sends the results to the client.
• The client cannot initiate a process in the server. Thus, the process should have already been started in the server& be waiting for requests to be processed.

MODEL OF CLIENT/SERVER NETWORK IN A DCE

• Each client's request is normally processed by the server according to the FIFO rule (Figure: 1.8,). This delay could be minimized, but not eliminated by concurrent processing of requests by the server.
• Since the client & application processes are running in a distributed computing environment, each of them can be designed to execute a specific function efficiently.
• For example, joe.stone using a client in a network sends a message to [email protected] on the network.
• The message first goes to the mail server on the network. Before it can process the request, the mail server needs to know the network address of sally.jones, which is dept.com.. Therefore, it makes a request to the DNS on the network for the routing information for the address of dept.com
• When it receives that information, it sends out joe.stone's message via the bridge to the network.
• In this example, the mail server behaves both as a server & as a client.
• The 3 processes in this scenario, namely the client, the mail server and the DNS are considered cooperative computing processes & may be running in 3 separate platforms on remote LANs connected by a WAN. The communication between these processes is called peer-to-peer communication.

TCP/IP-BASED NETWORKS: THE INTERNET AND INTRANET

• TCP/IP is a suite of protocols that enable networks to be interconnected.
• TCP/IP forms the basic foundation of the Internet( Figure:1.9).
• The nodes in the network use network protocol named IP to route packets.
• IP is a connectionless protocol. That means there is no guarantee that the packets will be delivered to thedestination node. However, end-to-end communication can be guaranteed by using the transport protocol, TCP.
• TCP is connection-oriented protocol. Whereas , UDP is a connectionless protocol.
• Much of Internet traffic really uses UDP/IP, because of the reliability of data transmission.
• The Internet is a network of networks. Whereas, An intranet is a private network & access to it is controlled bythe enterprise that owns it, whereas the Internet is public.
• Gateways between LANs serve as the interfaces between dissimilar & independent, autonomous networks &perform many functions including protocol conversions.

COMMUNICATION PROTOCOLS AND STANDARDS

COMMUNICATION ARCHITECTURE

• Communication between users occurs at various levels.
• Each system can be divided into 2 broad sets of communication layers. The top set of layers consists of theapplication layers & the bottom set of the transport layers.
• The users interface with the application level layer & the communication equipment interfaces with the physicalmedium.
• In Figure:1.11a, direct communication occurs between the corresponding cooperating layers of each system.
• In Figure:1.11b, the end systems communicating via an intermediate system N, which enables the use of differentphysical media for the 2 end systems.
• System N converts the transport layer information into the appropriate protocols.

OSI COMMUNICATION ARCHITECTURE

• OSI model was developed based on the premise that the different layers of protocol provide different services, and that each layer can communicate with only its own neighbouring level (Figure: 1.12).
• Two systems can communicate on a peer-to-peer level i.e. at the same level of the protocol.

• Controls flow of data in both directions. Session layer
• Establishes & clears sessions for applications, and thus minimizes loss of data during large dataexchange. Presentation layer
• Provides a set of standard protocols so that the display would be transparent to syntax of the application.
• Data encryption & decryption. Application layer
• Provides application-specific protocols for each application & each transport protocol system.

PHYSICAL LAYER

• This is responsible for physically placing the electrical signal on the physical medium & picking up the signalfrom it.
• This controls & manages the physical & electrical interfaces to the physical medium, including the connector ortransceiver.
• The physical medium could be copper, optical fiber or wireless media.
• The signal could be either digital or analog.

DATA LINK LAYER

• The data communication between 2 DTEs is controlled & managed by this layer.
• The data communication is a serial bit-oriented stream.
• The data link layer needs to do basic functions:
  1. Establish & clear the link, and
  2. Transmit the data.
• This does error control & data compression. Flow control is done on a hop-to-hop basis.
• This is divided into two sublayers--LLC & MAC (Figure: 1.15). The lower MAC layer controls the access & transmittal of data to the physical layer in an algorithmic manner. LLC performs the link management & data transfer.
• There are two basic forms of LANs--Ethernet LAN is a bus type & the media is accessed using a distributed probabilistic algorithm, CSMA/CD The second type of LAN is a ring type used in token ring & FDDI.A deterministic token-passing algorithm is used in this case.

NETWORK LAYER

• This controls & manages the switching fabric of the network (Figure: 1.16).

APPLICATION SPECIFIC PROTOCOLS IN THE ISO & INTERNET MODELS

• All application specific protocol services in OSI are sandwiched between the user & presentation layers. In theInternet model, they are sandwiched between the user and the transport layers (Figure: 1.19).
• A user interfaces with a host at a remote terminal using virtual terminal in the OSI model & TELNET in theInternet model.
• File transfers are accomplished using FTAM (File Transfer Access & Management) in the OSI model and FTP(File transfer protocol) in the Internet.

• The most common mail service function in the Internet is the SMTP.A similar protocol in the

OSI model is theMOTIS (message oriented text interchange standard).

• Network management is accomplished using CMIP (Common Management Information protocol) in the OSImodel and SNMP in the Internet.

CHALLENGES OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY MANAGERS

• IT manager needs to maintain both computer & telecommunication networks because both types are slowlymerging in function.
• They are responsible for management of information because of the explosion of information storage & transferin the modern information era.
• They have to keep up with the new technologies because the technology is moving fast & the corporate growth isenormous.
• They need to make provisions for contingencies to change direction when the IT industry does
• They face network & administrative & management problems day in & day out because most of the corporatenetworks run 24/7.

WHAT ARE TOP CHALLENGES IN MANAGING THE NETWORK?  Analyzing problems, which requires intuition & skill