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Neutral Position
This position is used as a basis for describing and performing the body motions. Neutral position is standing or lying straight, heels together, arms at the side with palms toward body.
DEFINITIONS OF COMMON TERMS USED IN DESCRIBING BODY MOTIONS
R.O.M. Range of Motion: the extent of movement within a given joint. Flexion Bending Extension Straightening Abduction Moving the part away from the midline Adduction Adding to or bringing the part toward the midline. Rotation Turning a limb or body part around its long axis.
Motions of the Fingers
Flexion Bending fingers toward palm (make a fist) Extension Returning fingers to neutral position (straighten fingers) Abduction Moving fingers apart (spread fingers) Adduction Moving fingers together
Motions of the Thumb
Flexion Bending thumb at all joints Extension Straightening thumb Abduction Palm up, moving thumb up and away from palm. Adduction Returning thumb to position alongside of first finger.
Motions of the Hip Hyperextension Move leg backward from body as far as possible. Flexion Bending hip by moving the leg forward as far as possible. Extension Return from flexed to neutral position. Abduction Moving leg outward from the body as far as possible. Adduction Return leg to the neutral position and across the other leg as far as possible. Internal Rotation Turning leg in an inward motion so toes point in. External Rotation Turning leg in an outward motion so toes point out.
Policies and Procedures
Subject: Normal Body Motion-Med-Surg Page 1 of 3
Eversion Moving foot so sole is facing outward. Inversion Moving foot so sole is facing inward.
Motion of the Toes
Flexion Bending toes toward ball of foot. Extension Straightening toes and pulling them toward the shinbone as far as possible. Abduction Moving toes apart. Adduction Moving toes together.
Motions of the Head and Neck
Extension Bending head backward (looking up). Flexion Bending head forward (looking down). Lateral Flexion Bending head so that ear is moved toward shoulder. Rotation Turning head to look over the shoulder.
Motions of the Body Trunk
Flexion Bending forward from the waist. Extension Straightening from the flexed position to the neutral position. Hyperextension Moving trunk backward from the waist. Lateral Flexion Bending sideways from the waist. Rotation Turning shoulders keeping hips stationary, or turning hips keep shoulders stationary.
Motions of the Shoulder
Forward Flexion Moving arm forward and upward until it is along the side of the head. Extension Returning arm downward to the side, or neutral position, after flexion. Hyperextension Moving arm backward from the neutral position. Abduction Moving arm sideways away from the body to above the head. Adduction Returning arm to the side, or neutral position, after abduction. External Rotation With arm at shoulder height, elbow bent to 90 degree angle, palm toward feet turning upper arm until the palm & forearm face forward. Internal Rotation With arm at shoulder height, elbow bent to 90 degree angle, palm toward feet, turning upper arm until palm and forearm face backward. Horizontal Abduction Arm at shoulder height, move back as far as possible. Horizontal Adduction Arm at shoulder height, move across body toward other shoulder as far as possible. Elevation Lifting shoulder toward the ear.
Policies and Procedures
Subject: Normal Body Motion-Med-Surg Page 2 of 3
