Health and Wellness Exam Study Guide: Nursing Process and Prevention Levels, Exams of Nursing

A comprehensive study guide for a health and wellness exam, covering key concepts such as the nursing process (adpie), evidence-based practice, health education components, and levels of prevention (primary, secondary, tertiary). It also includes explanations of the transtheoretical model of change (ttm), models of health, definitions of health and illness, healthy people 2020 goals, health education, health care models, gordon's functional health patterns, domains of learning, and more. This guide is designed to help students understand and apply these concepts in a healthcare setting, promoting a deeper understanding of health and wellness principles and practices. It offers a structured approach to learning and reviewing essential topics for nursing and healthcare professionals.

Typology: Exams

2025/2026

Available from 09/05/2025

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NR 222-Health and Wellness-Exam
Nursing process (ADPIE) - ANSWER>>assessment
diagnosis
planning
implementation
evaluation
A-assessment - ANSWER>>-Collect data about patient's physical, psychological, social,
cultural, developmental, and spiritual needs from patient, family, diagnostic tests,
medical record, nursing history, and literature
D-diagnosis - ANSWER>>-Identify appropriate nursing diagnoses based on
assessment findings
P-planning - ANSWER>>-Develop an individualized care plan. Set diagnosis priorities
based on patient's immediate needs, expected outcomes, and patient-centered goals.
Collaborate with patient on care plan
I-implementation - ANSWER>>-Perform nursing care therapies. Include patient as
active participant in care. Involve family/significant other in care as appropriate
E-evaluation - ANSWER>>-Identify success in meeting desired outcomes and goals of
nursing care. Alter interventions as indicated when goals are not met
Evidence based practice - ANSWER>>-when nurses or other clinicians use research
findings and the best evidence possible to make decisions
-is defined as the conscientious ,explicit and judicious use of current best evidence in
making decisions about the care of individual
-means integrating individual clinical expertise from systemic research
Health education components (3) - ANSWER>>1. involves the use of teaching-learning
strategies
2.learners maintain voluntary control over the decision to make changes in their actions
3.focuses on behavior changes that have been found to improve health status
Level of prevention (3) - ANSWER>>Primary
secondary
tertiary
Primary prevention - ANSWER>>-precedes disease/dysfunction
*interventions
--health promotion(ex:health edu about risk factors for heart disease)
--health protection( ex:immunizations, reducing exposure to carcinogens,occupational
hazards)
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NR 222-Health and Wellness-Exam

Nursing process (ADPIE) - ANSWER>>assessment diagnosis planning implementation evaluation A-assessment - ANSWER>>-Collect data about patient's physical, psychological, social, cultural, developmental, and spiritual needs from patient, family, diagnostic tests, medical record, nursing history, and literature D-diagnosis - ANSWER>>-Identify appropriate nursing diagnoses based on assessment findings P-planning - ANSWER>>-Develop an individualized care plan. Set diagnosis priorities based on patient's immediate needs, expected outcomes, and patient-centered goals. Collaborate with patient on care plan I-implementation - ANSWER>>-Perform nursing care therapies. Include patient as active participant in care. Involve family/significant other in care as appropriate E-evaluation - ANSWER>>-Identify success in meeting desired outcomes and goals of nursing care. Alter interventions as indicated when goals are not met Evidence based practice - ANSWER>>-when nurses or other clinicians use research findings and the best evidence possible to make decisions

  • is defined as the conscientious ,explicit and judicious use of current best evidence in making decisions about the care of individual
  • means integrating individual clinical expertise from systemic research Health education components (3) - ANSWER>>1. involves the use of teaching-learning strategies 2.learners maintain voluntary control over the decision to make changes in their actions 3.focuses on behavior changes that have been found to improve health status Level of prevention (3) - ANSWER>>Primary secondary tertiary Primary prevention - ANSWER>>-precedes disease/dysfunction *interventions --health promotion(ex:health edu about risk factors for heart disease) --health protection( ex:immunizations, reducing exposure to carcinogens,occupational hazards)

Purpose-to decrease vulnerability of the individual/pop to disease/dysfunction focus-maintain/improve general/individual/family/community health Passive-not personally involved (public health efforts-clean water/sewer) Active-personally involved-lifestyle changes Secondary prevention - ANSWER>>-ranges from providing screening activities and treating early stages of disease to limiting disability by averting or delaying the consequences of advanced disease Goal- identify individuals in early,detectable stages of disease

  • treating early stages of disease
  • limiting disability
  • interventions similar to primary but applied to individuals / populations with disease Tertiary prevention - ANSWER>>-occurs when a defect or disability is permanent and irreversible
  • involves minimizing the effects of disease and disability by surveillance and maintenance activities aimed at preventing complications and deterioration
  • focuses on rehabilitation to help people attain and retain an optimal level of functioning regardless of their disabling condition Objective- is to return the affected individual to a useful place in society , maximize remaing capacities or both Transtheoretical model of change (TTM) - ANSWER>>-is useful for determining where a person is in relation to making a behavior chanage;readiness for change
  • is useful in determining the persons readiness for learning in relation to changing behavior so that health education or behavior change interventions can be matched to the stage
  • self efficacy is a key construct in this model 6 stages 6 stages of TTM - ANSWER>>1.Pre contemplation 2.Contemplation 3.Planning/prep 4.Action 5.Maintenance 6.Relapse Pre contemplation - ANSWER>>-the person is NOT thinking about or considering quiting or adapting a behavior change within the next 6 months (not intending to make changes)
  • is a state of being that people define in relation to their own values, personality and lifestyle WHO definition of health - ANSWER>>-state of complete, physical, metal, and social well being not merely the absence of disease or infirmity Definition of Illness - ANSWER>>-is composed of the subjective experience of the individual and the physical manifestation of the disease
  • can be described as a responsise characterized by a mismatch b/w a persons needs and the resources available to meet those needs *subjective experience of individual and physical manifestation of disease Healthy people 2020 - ANSWER>>-was a call to action and an attempt to set health goal for US for the next 10 years
  • national guidelines to promote health -->define national emphasis for health promotion and disease prevention efforts *4 overeaching goals
  1. attain high quality,longer lives, free of preventable disease , disability ,injury and pre mature death 2.achieve healthy equity ,eliminate disparities, and improve the health of all groups
  2. create social and physical environment that promotes good health for all
  3. promote quality of life , healthy development and health behaviors across all life stages Definition of health education - ANSWER>>-is a vital component in promoting individual and community health
  • involves not only providing relevant info but also facilitating health related behavior change *is any combination of planned learning ,experiences based on sound theories that provide individuals, groups and communities with the opportunity to aquire the info and skills needed to make quality health decisions Health care models - ANSWER>>1.health belief model 2.health promotion model 3.basic human needs model 4.holistic health model health belief model - ANSWER>>-addresses the relationship between the persons beliefs and behaviors
  • helps understand factors influencing patients perceptions,beliefs and behavior to plan care that will be most effective 3 componenets
  • perception of illness
  • seriousness of illness
  • likelyhood the person will take preventative actions health promotion model - ANSWER>>-directed at increasing a patients level of well being
  • complimentary counterpart to models of health protection Focuses on 3 areas
  • individual characteristics and experiences
  • behavior specific knowledge and effect
  • behavioral outcomes basic human needs model - ANSWER>>-attempts to meet the patients basic needs holistic health model - ANSWER>>-attempts to create conditions that promote optimal health
  • patients are involved in their healing process Gordons functional health patterns - ANSWER>>-provides a context for collecting data that provide info about the entire person and most life processes
  • nurses can accurately determine and diagnose actual/potential problems ,intervene more effectively and facilitate movement towards outcomes to promote health and well being
  • provides strong focus for more effective nursing interventions and outcomes 11 functional health patterns Gordon's 11 functional health patterns - ANSWER>>1. health perception/health managment 2.nutritional/metabolic (food/fluid concumption/weight/condition of mouth)
  1. elimination (extretory function- bowl /bladder/skin) 4.activities/exercise (ADL's,pulse,BP,lessiure,recreation) 5.sleep/rest (too much/too little) 6.cognitive perception (level of consciencous,alertness,orientation)
  2. self perception (appearance, body language,eye contact)
  3. role relationship (who you live with, support system,employment status)
  4. sexual representation (prostate / pap)
  5. coping stress (coping/effectness)
  6. values/beliefs (religion) Goal of educating others - ANSWER>>-to achieve the optimal levels of health Domains of learning (3) - ANSWER>>-cognitive
  • psychomotor
  • affective
  • family history/personal habits environment - ANSWER>>-where we live/conditions
  • air,water, soil
  • what we eat, ability to adapt, physical environment (work place, where u live) polluted? by factories? life style - ANSWER>>-activites/habits/ practices
  • lifestyle choices ex: sunbathing, poor diet, smoking, overweight Nursing roles (7) - ANSWER>>advocate care manager consultant deliverer of services educator healer researcher advocate - ANSWER>>-nurse makes sure that all people receive high quality ,appropriate , safe ,cost effective care
  • want the best for patient care manager - ANSWER>>-prevent duplication services ,maintain quality, safety, and reduce cost
  • help individual avoid care that is ineffective ,unproven or unsafe consultant - ANSWER>>-provide knowledge about health promotion and disease prevention to individuals and groups deliverer of services - ANSWER>>-delivery of direct services such as health education ,flu shots, counceling and health promotion
  • visible ,direct delivery=foundation of public image of nursing educator - ANSWER>>-primary prevention technique
  • help with lack of application healer - ANSWER>>-helps individuals integrate and balance peoples lives
  • helps person develop own capacity to heal researcher - ANSWER>>-researching to deliver best care
  • evidence based practice