Download NR507 Midterm Edapt Review (Weeks 1–3) – Chamberlain University – 2024/2025 – Questions w and more Exams Medicine in PDF only on Docsity!
NR507 MIDTERM EDAPT REVIEW (WEEKS 1-3)
QUESTIONS WITH 100% ACCURATE ANSWERS
Choose the interstitial lung diseases that are the most diagnosed: Lupus Radiation pneumonitis Pneumoconioses Acute interstitial pneumonia Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis Desquamative interstitial pneumonia - Accurate answers Radiation pneumonitis Pneumoconioses Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis Hives (urticaria) are an example of a: - Accurate answers Type 1 hypersensitivity reaction. Anaphylaxis is a
hypersensitivity reaction. - Accurate answers type 1 Allergic contact dermatitis is an example of
hypersensitivity reaction. - Accurate answers type 4 Type 2 (Cytotoxic) hypersensitivity reactions are mediated by: - Accurate answers IgG or IgM. Which of the following are considered the "first responders" of the innate immune system? - Accurate answers Neutrophils. Type I (Mechanism, Example, Pathology) - Accurate answers IgE action on mast cells Hay fever Mast cell degranulation results in an inflammatory response Type II (Mechanism, Example, Pathology) - Accurate answers Tissue-specific destruction or impairment because of: Antibody binding followed by lysis via complement Antibody binding followed by macrophage phagocytosis Antibody binding followed by neutrophil destruction Antibody-dependent cell (NK)-mediated cytotoxicity, or Antireceptor antibodies 1-ABO incompatibility 5-Graves' disease 1-Complement damages RBC membrane and cells lyse 5-Autoantibodies specific for thyroid tissue impair receptor for TSH
Type III (Mechanism, Example, Pathology) - Accurate answers Antigen-Antibody complex deposited in tissues Raynaud's phenomenon Complex deposited in small peripheral vessels in cool temperatures leading to vasoconstriction and blocked circulation Type IV (Mechanism, Example, Pathology) - Accurate answers Cytotoxic T cell-mediated Contact dermatitis (e.g., poison ivy) T cells attack tissue directly (no antibody) Damage occurs with ABO incompatibility because: - Accurate answers Complement damages RBC membrane causing cell lysis. Which of the following is the underlying pathology for hay fever? - Accurate answers Mast cell degranulation. The diagnosis for an individual who presents to the office with sudden swollen lips and eyes, shortness of breath and throat tightness after a bee sting is: - Accurate answers Anaphylaxis. Which of the following assessment findings would be expected in a patient who presents with urticaria?
- Accurate answers Eosinophilia. An example of a secondary immunodeficiency is: - Accurate answers Pneumocystis Carinii. __________ is a predominant cause of secondary immune deficiencies worldwide. - Accurate answers Malnutrition An example of a primary immunodeficiency is: - Accurate answers Chronic Granulomatous Disease. Which of the following is an autoimmune disease? - Accurate answers Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE). Examples: Primary Immunodeficiencies - Accurate answers Chronic granulomatous Disease of Childhood, DiGeorge Syndrome, Familial Mediterranean fever, Job Syndrome, Common Variable Immunodeficiency Examples: Secondary Immunodeficiencies - Accurate answers Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Pneumocystis Carinii, Pneumonia, Sinus infection, Lung cancer T/F primary immunodeficiency: Are less common and occur due to a defect on the development of the immune system. - Accurate answers true T/F primary immunodeficiency Conditions where the immune system becomes compromised because of something else. - Accurate answers false T/F Sinusitis is considered a primary immunodeficiency. - Accurate answers false A patient with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) was admitted to the acute care facility with difficulty breathing. He is diagnosed with Pneumocytis carinii. Pneumocystis carinii an example of: - Accurate answers secondary immune disease
Folate deficiency. Iron deficiency. Hereditary spherocytosis. B12 deficiency. - Accurate answers Hereditary spherocytosis. The terms normocytic, microcytic, and macrocytic characterizes red blood cells by their: - Accurate answers size Which of the following symptoms reflects decreased tissue oxygenation as an effect of anemia? fatigue dyspnea weakness pallor - Accurate answers all the above t/f Identification of the type of anemia involves an examination of size of the RBC only. - Accurate answers false Which of the following would normocytic-normochromic indicate? - Accurate answers The cell is normal in size and normal in hemoglobin level The treatment of iron deficiency anemia includes: - Accurate answers iron supplementation Which of the following anemias can be categorized as microcytic-hypochromic? (Select all that apply.) Sideroblastic anemia. Thalassemia anemia. Iron deficiency anemia. - Accurate answers all the above The most common type of anemia is - Accurate answers Iron deficiency anemia Which of the following conditions could result in iron deficiency anemia? Reduced intake of Vitamin C. Increased absorption of iron-containing foods. Excessive bleeding. Reduced absorption of Vitamin B-12. - Accurate answers excessive bleeding Which of the following are iron-rich foods? Lima beans. Meat. Spinach. - Accurate answers all the above t/f Although less common, transferrin deficiencies and mitochondrial defects can lead to iron deficiency anemia. - Accurate answers true A transferrin deficiency will most likely result in: - Accurate answers Iron-deficiency anemia.
t/f The basic pathophysiology of iron deficiency anemia is that there are insufficient iron levels or the inability of the cell's mitochondria to utilize iron effectively. - Accurate answers true t/f One of the common precipitating factors of folate deficiency is alcohol abuse. - Accurate answers true A non-megaloblastic anemia would be caused by iron deficiency vitamin b12 deficiency liver disease folate deficiency - Accurate answers liver disease A deficiency of intrinsic factor will result in - Accurate answers Pernicious anemia Loss of vibratory sense in a patient with Vitamin B-12 deficiency is due to which of the following pathophysiological changes: - Accurate answers Posterior and lateral column spinal cord changes due to nerve demyelination. The ________________ (MCHC, Reticulocyte count, Serum B-12, MCV) lab values will be normal in a patient in the early stages of pernicious anemia. - Accurate answers MCHC Which of the following lab values is normal or elevated for the patient with folate deficiency? Reticulocyte count Folate Ferritin MCV - Accurate answers Reticulocyte count Which of the following will be elevated in a patient with pernicious anemia? - Accurate answers MCV In a patient with pernicious anemia, which of the following lab values can be normal or low? - Accurate answers folate An individual who has received an incorrect blood transfusion will exhibit signs of: - Accurate answers Hemolytic anemia. Aplastic anemia can be caused by: - Accurate answers hepatitis In hemolytic anemia, the destruction of lysis of RBCs is due to: - Accurate answers -Enzymes or toxins produced by an infectious agent. -Chemical release medication by one's immune system. -Effects of drugs. -all of the above, they will all cause lysis of RBCs t/f Acute blood loss of anemia is usually associated with acute GI bleeding and labor and delivery complications. - Accurate answers true
t/f Cells that contain abnormal types of hemoglobin are more susceptible to infection by the parasite that causes malaria. - Accurate answers false Thalassemia is similar to sickle cell anemia in that the individual with thalassemia: -Inherits an abnormal Hb gene from the mother only -Inherits an abnormal Hb gene from the father only -Inherits an abnormal Hb gene from both parents -Inherits an abnormal Hb gene from one parent - Accurate answers Inherits an abnormal Hb gene from both parents Sickle cell anemia and thalassemia are more prevalent in which of the following geographic areas? Australia. Africa. South America. North America. - Accurate answers Africa Which of the following statements correctly describes the flow of blood between the heart and lungs: -The pulmonary arteries carry ox-Oxygenated blood is transported from the lungs to the heart via the pulmonary veins.ygenated blood from the lungs to the heart. -Oxygenated blood is transported from the lungs to the right atrium of the heart. -Deoxygenated blood is transported from the left ventricle to the lungs via the pulmonary arteries. -Oxygenated blood is transported from the lungs to the heart via the pulmonary veins. - Accurate answers -Oxygenated blood is transported from the lungs to the heart via the pulmonary veins. Which of the following is a non-modifiable risk factor for Coronary Artery Disease? Family history. Hyperlipidemia. Hypertension. Obesity. - Accurate answers family history Coronary artery disease (CAD) is mainly the result of: - Accurate answers Longstanding atherosclerosis. Which of the following is a modifiable risk factor for Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)? Menopause. Age. Obesity. Family history. - Accurate answers obesity t/f In Coronary Artery Disease (CAD), pumping ability of the heart can be impaired due to the deprivation of oxygen. - Accurate answers true modifiable risk factors for coronary artery disease (CAD) - Accurate answers Dyslipidemia Diabetes Mellitus Obesity
Smoking Hypertension Sedentary Lifestyle nonmodifiable risk factors for coronary artery disease (CAD) - Accurate answers age Male Family History Menopause Hypertension has its most immediate effect on: - Accurate answers afterload Which of the following conditions can decrease preload? Fever. Fluid overload. Pain. Hemorrhage. - Accurate answers hemorrhage The most common cause of right-sided heart failure is Myocardial infarction. (MI) Tricuspid valve damage. Right ventricular hypertrophy. Pulmonary hypertension. - Accurate answers pulmonary HTN In the healthy heart, the response to an increase in preload is for the stroke volume to ________ (increase, decrease, remain constant, both increase and decrease). - Accurate answers increase Cor Pulmonale is: -Right ventricular failure due to systemic hypertension. -Left ventricular failure secondary to systemic hypertension. -Right ventricular failure secondary to pulmonary hypertension. -Left ventricular failure due to a pulmonary disease. - Accurate answers Right ventricular failure secondary to pulmonary hypertension. classic s/s RIGHT sided heart failure - Accurate answers JVD Hepatosplenomegaly Peripheral edema Cor Pulmonale Tricuspid valve damage classic s/s LEFT sided heart failure - Accurate answers Increased left ventricular afterload Decreased ejection fraction Increased left ventricular preload Pulmonary edema Dyspnea
-High-pitched murmur. -Mid-systolic crescendo-decrescendo murmur. - Accurate answers Mid-systolic crescendo- decrescendo murmur. Rheumatic fever is a common cause for ______ valve disorder. mitral stenosis mitral valve prolapse aortic stenosis aortic regurgitation - Accurate answers mitral stenosis Case Study question: A 64-year old female reports to the primary care office with a complaint of "fainting". She reported the episode occurred while she was engaged in low impact aerobics class. She noticed during exercise that her heart "hurt". symptom analysis of the chest pain and determined that the patient describes it chest pressure. no dyspnea with exercise and denies orthopnea or paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea. NP notes that VS are normal, lungs are clear There is a laterally displaced, sustained apical impulse &a grade 4/ mid-systolic crescendo-decrescendo murmur, heard loudest at the base & radiating to the neck. There is also an S4 gallop. no peripheral edema noted. There is a laterally displaced, sustained apical impulse & a grade 4/6 mid-systolic crescendo-decrescendo murmur, heard loudest at the base and radiating to the neck. There is S4 gallop. ECG in the office discovers left ventricular hypertrophy - Accurate answers Aortic Stenosis A 60-year old male reports to the primary care office with "shortness of breath" that started a few days after being released from the hospital following angioplasty and stent placement. Upon exam, the NP observes that the patient does have dyspnea and jugular vein distention. Crackles are also noted in lung bases bilaterally. A blowing holosystolic murmur is also heard at the heart's apex with radiation into the axilla. - Accurate answers Mitral Regurgitation A woman brings her 67-year old father to see the NP at the primary care clinic. The patient reports that he has experienced shortness of breath for the last two months that has continued to get progressively worse. He expresses great concern that this development has kept him from participating in his Silver Sneaker's program that he enjoys with his friends. He can barely walk a city block or walk up the stairs in his home without becoming short of breath. Upon exam, the NP notes a blood pressure of 180/ mmHg and peripheral pulses are palpable at 4+. The cardiac exam reveals several murmurs: an early diastolic murmur that is high-pitched located loudest at the left lower sternal border; a diastolic rumbling sound heard at the heart's apex and a systolic crescendo-decrescendo murmur heard at the left upper sternal border. A chest x-ray is performed at the office & shows pulmonary edema and cardiomegaly. - Accurate answers Aortic Regurgitation A 40-year old male reports to the primary care office with a chief complaint of dyspnea, especially with activity, over the last 5 days. He also notices that several times during the last two days that he could feel his heart "pounding and racing". On collecting the medical history, the patient indicates that he had rheumatic heart disease as a young child but remembers little about it. On exam, the NP determines that he is tachycardic with a heart rate of 120 beats/minute that is irregularly irregular. A low-pitched murmur is also auscultated and is heard most prominently at the apex. The NP also notes jugular vein distention (JVD) and bilateral crackles in the lung bases. The NP performs an ECG in the office that reveals atrial fibrillation and left atrial hypertrophy. - Accurate answers Mitral Stenosis
The NP is seeing a patient with chronic bronchitis that needs spirometry on today's visit. What pulmonary function test (PFT) findings are anticipated based on the diagnosis of chronic bronchitis? Decreased forced expiratory flow (FEV1). Increased lung compliance. Decreased total lung capacity (TLC). Decreased diffusing capacity. - Accurate answers Decreased forced expiratory flow (FEV1). The NP reviews the results of a patient's pulmonary function tests and notes that the FEV1, FVC, and total lung capacity (TLC) are reduced. The FEV1/FVC ratio is normal. Based on interpretation, this reflects: Combined obstructive-restrictive lung disease. Obstructive lung disease. Restrictive lung disease. The test is invalid. - Accurate answers restrictive lung disease The NP notes that a patient's FEV1/FVC ratio is severely reduced. Which of the following conditions is most likely the patient's pulmonary issue? Morbid obesity. Pneumonia. Chronic asthma. Pulmonary hypertension. - Accurate answers chronic asthma Simple spirometry can be used to measure any of the following EXCEPT: Vital capacity. Tidal volume. Residual volume. Inspiratory reserve volume. - Accurate answers Residual volume. A patient with normal lungs should be able to exhale _____ (50%, 70%, 80%, 90%) of the forced vital capacity within the first second. - Accurate answers 80% Which of the following would indicate obstructive lung disease? Chronic asthma. Pulmonary fibrosis. Pulmonary hypertension. Pneumonia. - Accurate answers Chronic asthma. The NP notes that a patient's FEV1/FVC ratio is normal. Which of the following conditions is most likely the patient's pulmonary issue? Pneumonia. Emphysema. Chronic asthma. Pulmonary fibrosis. - Accurate answers Pulmonary fibrosis.
The effects of an Alpha-antitrypsin 1 deficiency is: -Reduction in elastase production. -Inhibits the immune cell response. -Inability to block the effects of proteolysis. -Deactivates neutrophils. - Accurate answers Inability to block the effects of proteolysis. Which of the following is considered a late effect of emphysema? Hypoxemia. Hypercapnia. Hypocapnia. Hypoxemia and Hypercapnia. - Accurate answers Hypoxemia and Hypercapnia. A patient with chronic bronchitis is at risk for developing pneumonia due to: Mucus plugs. Overactive cilia in the lungs. Inability to cough. Hypoxemia. - Accurate answers mucus plugs Hyperresonance found on lung percussion with a patient with COPD is primarily due to: -ruptured alveoli -air trapping -consolidation of secretions -mucus plugs - Accurate answers air trapping The NP is examining a patient with a longstanding history of chronic bronchitis. Cor pulmonale is expected in the patient that presents with: Hypocapnia. Hypoxia. Venous stasis ulcers. Splenomegaly. - Accurate answers Splenomegaly. A lung volume measurement that indicates air trapping in a COPD patient is: Decreased total lung volume. Normal residual volume. Increase residual volume. Decreased residual volume. - Accurate answers Increase residual volume. An expected chest x-ray finding for a patient with COPD is a: - Accurate answers flattned diaphragm (In COPD, there is hyperinflation of the lung that results in an expanded chest. This leads to a flattening of the diaphragm on chest x-ray.) Extrinsic asthma is: -triggered by non-allergic factors
-characterized by no elevation in IgE -typically seen in adults less than 40 years of age -triggered by an allergic reaction - Accurate answers triggered by an allergic reaction In normal gas exchange, which of the following is correct? After air is breathed in, it diffuses into the pulmonary veins. Deoxygenated blood is pumped out through the aorta to into the systemic circulation Only the pulmonary artery carries the oxygenated blood. After air is breathed in, it diffuses into the pulmonary capillaries. - Accurate answers After air is breathed in, it diffuses into the pulmonary veins. Asthma is a chronic disease characterized by: Airway infection. Bronchial scarring. Air trapping. Intermittent, reversible airflow obstruction. - Accurate answers Intermittent, reversible airflow obstruction. Complete the following sentences by choosing from the list of options. Asthma results in _______ (increased alveolar oxygenation OR increased alveolar perfusion OR decreased alveolar ventilation). Changes in airflow may cause partial or total airway obstruction, leading to _______ (bradycardia OR emphysema OR hypoxia.) - Accurate answers decreased alveolar ventilation & hypoxia Characteristics of extrinsic asthma - Accurate answers Triggered by chronic allergy Elevated IgE More common in children Characteristics of Intrinsic asthma - Accurate answers Triggered by a variety of non-allergic factors No elevation in IgE More common in adults Symptoms common to both intrinsic and extrinsic asthma include: Wheezing. Dizziness. Slowed breathing. Elevated heart rate. - Accurate answers wheezing Asthma results in: Scant mucus production. Increased alveolar oxygenation. Increased alveolar ventilation. Decreased alveolar ventilation. - Accurate answers Decreased alveolar ventilation. Extrinsic asthma is: Triggered by an allergic reaction. Triggered by non-allergic factors. Typically seen in adults less than 40 years of age.
T/F The symptoms that are common to all types of interstitial lung disease are shortness of breath and non-productive cough. - Accurate answers true An objective finding in a patient with ILD include productive cough. - Accurate answers false T/F The characteristic finding of on a chest x-ray of an individual with ILD is a honey-comb pattern - Accurate answers true t/f The four key diagnostic tests for interstitial lung disease are pulmonary function tests, high resolution CT scan, bronchoalveolar lavage and lung biopsy. - Accurate answers true The NP is seeing a patient with chronic bronchitis that needs spirometry on today's visit. What pulmonary function test (PFT) findings are anticipated based on the diagnosis of chronic bronchitis? - Accurate answers Decreased forced expiratory flow (FEV1).
