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NSG 310/ NSG310 (LATEST 2025//2026 UPDATE)
INTRODUCTION TO PROFESSIONAL NURSING |
COMPLETE REVIEW WITH QS & AS | 100% CORRECT|
GRADE A (VERIFIED ANSWERS)- GCU
Why is learning nursing history important? - ANSWERS: sense of identity
use of methodological research skill context for evaluating information
Nurses duty in 1902? - ANSWERS: duty to the doctor, no responsibility other than
faithfully following orders
Society of Superintendent of Training school for nurses of US & canada goal? -
ANSWERS: 1894
advance and standardize training of nurses
Society of Superintendent of Training later becomes? - ANSWERS: National League of
Nursing Educators
Isabel hampton in relation to Society of Suuperintendent - ANSWERS: addressed demands
of nursing students (no pay & long hours) listening to physicians didnt help learning created superintendent of training schools
Establishment of the first three training schools? - ANSWERS: 1873
Goal for first three nursing schools? - ANSWERS: student nurses under direction of
superintendent
requires 2-3 years of intense hospital work employed as graduate private duty nurses trained nurses social status increased
Nightingales apprenticeship model of Nursing - ANSWERS: established first nursing
philosophy based on health maintenance and restoration provide physicians and hospitals with inexpensive and skilled workforce w/ pupil nurses training under superintendent provide working class females opportunity for work (no pay while training)
British origins of nursing training program - ANSWERS: 1860: nightingales training
school @ St thomas
Nurses in war? - ANSWERS: 1898 spanish war allowed trained nurses to volunteer to care
for soldiers w/yellow fever, nurses become permanent in services
- 1901: army corps
- 1908: navy nurse corps
World War 1 for nurses - ANSWERS: 1917: nurse leaders collaborated with federal
government to recruit and mobilize to remedy nursing shortage American Red Cross & Jane Delano campaigned for more women in war (nursing aides & women w/ higher status) (1941) leaders debated education qualifications which is how Vassar college and Army School of Nursing started
1950's hospitals become major employed
- nurses seen as threat to physician & admin
- experience professional conflicts
- lack of autonomy
- nurse identified education as a pathway to leadership
Private duty nurses? - ANSWERS: requested by physicians and families to work at their
home not a hospital nurses took it upon themselves to increase knowledge and skills
nurse training act did what and what is it? - ANSWERS: 1964: nurse training act-->
scholarships, loans, recruitment, school construction, maintenance and educational projects helped with nursing shortage 1950 - 1967
- RN increase by 67%
- Practical Nurses increased by 134%
- Nursing Aides increased by 244%
Nursing in higher education - ANSWERS: GI Bill of right (1946): increased enrollment
Mildred Montag: envisioned a shorter program for education = AA graduate nursing: teaching and direct nursing
Lillian Wald - ANSWERS: established role for nursing in community
w/ Mary Brewster created Henry Street Settlement House & Henry Street Visiting Nurse Services
expanded nursing to schools, industrial, Tb and infant welfare worked with metropolitan life insurance to organize home visits to company workers that were ill FOUNDED NATIONAL ORGANIZATION OF PUBLIC HEALTH 1912 (better screen patients)
Nurses associated Alumnae played a role in what? - ANSWERS: focused on legal
recognition of trained nurses to protect the public from those who were not trained RN must attend acceptable nursing program and pass board evaluation 1903: NC, NY, NJ and VA have nursing legislation 1923: all states enact nurse registration laws
Anne goodrich? - ANSWERS: inspector of nurses training school for NY state department
notes boards were weak and ineffcient for every state
Nurses Associated Alumnae of the US and Canada becomes what - ANSWERS: American
Nurses Association: 1912 purpose: achieve legal recognition for trained nurses to counter belief that ignorant women who is not fit for anything else is fit to be a nurse
Premise of Baccalaureate programs 1920- 1930 - ANSWERS: nursing concept pertinent to
acute illness, psychosocial dimensions and public health principles
association of college schools of nursing - ANSWERS: 1935
disbanded now helped establish nursing programs
reliance on technology, cost effective strategies and standardizes work process undermines caring
why must health care become more holistic? - ANSWERS: make positive difference in
patients lives
Nursing challenges in 21st centure - ANSWERS: - aging population
- bioterrorism
- emerging infections
- disaster management
positives of 21st nursing - ANSWERS: Revises practice and school curriculm to meet
needs of changing society advances in technology and information increased acuity level of care
patients perspective of caring - ANSWERS: - patients value the affective dimension of
nursing care
- reassuring presence
- recognizing an individual as unique
- keeping a close and attentive eye on the situation
- connect with patient and family
- respect values and beliefs
why are nursing theories important? - ANSWERS: help explain events, define ideas and
concepts, explin relationships among concepts and predict outcomes provides framework for nursing
Nightingale environmental theory - ANSWERS: Grand theory: 1816
disease is a reparative process, the best way to help a patient recover is through their environment
- room temperature
- light
- noise
- cleanlines
Roger's Science of Unitary Human Beings - ANSWERS: 1970: Grand Theory
Nurse promotes synchronicity between human beings and their universe/environment nursing is an art and science
Orems Self deficit Theory - ANSWERS: 1971: Grand theory
assisting individuals with self care self care requisites: universal--> common for all humans. developmental--> promote known developmental process, health deviation: genetics or defects that affect self care
Roy's Adaptation Model - ANSWERS: 1979: Grand theory
how someone copes and adapts with change
neumans system model - ANSWERS: 1972: Grand Theory
how a person functions in social roles
Leninger's Cultural Care - ANSWERS: 1961: midrange theory
how to care for other cultures be aware that not everyone will have the same values
Code of Ethics created by - ANSWERS: ANA
9 provisions of code of ethics - ANSWERS: 1: nurse practices with compassion & respect
to every patient 2: primary commitment is to the patient 3: promote, advocate and protect rights, health & safety of patient 4: authority, accountability and responsibility for nursing practice 5: nurse owes same duty to self 6: establishes, maintains and improves ethical environemtn 7: nurse advances through research and school 8: protect human rights, health diplomacy & reduce health disparities 9: articulate nursing values, maintain integrity of profession and social justice into nursing
ANA - ANSWERS: American Nurse Association
ANCC--> AAN - ANSWERS: American Nurses Credentialing Center--> American
Academy of Nursing central center for certification for nurses
NSNA - ANSWERS: National Student Nurses' Association
established in 1952
w/assistance of ANA and NLN, it is national organization for students enrolled in nursing education programs through voluntary participation, students practice self-governance, advocate for student and patient rights, and take collective, responsible action on social and political issues
NLN - ANSWERS: National League for Nursing; sets standards for excellence and
innovation in nursing education
AONE - ANSWERS: American Organization of Nurse Executives
Leadership is important in the environment
ICN - ANSWERS: International Council of Nurses
works to help create an idea of nursing across the globe
Nursing Social Policy statement - ANSWERS: "Nursing is the pivotal health care
profession, highly valued for its knowledge, skill and caring in improving the health status of the public" gives a framework for all RN social concerns must be addressed as part of moral and ethical obligations to nursing profession
ANA social policy statement 6 essential features? - ANSWERS: provision of caring
relationship that facilitates health and healing attention to full range of human experiences and responses to health and illness w/ physical and social environments integration of objective data w/ knowledge gained from an appreciation of the patients or groups subjective experience
Diagnosis Outcomes identification Planning Implementation Evaluation
ANA standards of professional performance - ANSWERS: ethics: principles used to
provide care education: continue to learn evidence-based practice and research: integrates into care & does own research quality of practice: contributes to practice communication Leadership collaboration professional practice evaluation resources environmental health
Benner 1984 Model - ANSWERS: Novice: beginner w no experience, rule governed,
learns specific rules and task Advanced Beginner: some experience (observation), task oriented, identify some aspects or principals of nursing care
Competent: same clinical position 2-3 years, understands specific care for patients, establish goals, task oriented, begins to think critically Proficient: more than 2-3 years experience, patient clinical situation as a whole, more holistic, focuses on managing care not performing skills (enhanced critical thinkers) Expert: diverse experience, can zero in on problems and focus multidimensional, performance is fluid flexible, anticipate patient and novice nurse needs
Nursing stereotypes - ANSWERS: media and culture impart nursing image (sex crazed)
2010: IOM made a statement that nurses need to be shown as transformational, recognize their real role obstacles: limited media preparation& training, gender specific to women (male stereotypes)
Nightingale 1860 quote - ANSWERS: i do not pretend to teach her how, i ask her to teach
herself and for this purpose i venture to give her some hints
Kathy douglas 2012: - ANSWERS: if florence could see us now, shows nurses working in
various settings and roles
identity - ANSWERS: The distinguishing character or personality of an individual
nurses are defined by this, nursing roles derived from identity and sense of self gathered
Role - ANSWERS: socially expected behavior patters determined by individuals social
status
Roles as a nuse - ANSWERS: advocate
caregiver
how is a nurse a researcher - ANSWERS: bedside: applies interventions that are based on
current evidence grounded in curiosity and desire to discover to lessen human suffering
purpose of advoacy? - ANSWERS: to enact change
advocate for health for all
how do profesional roles change - ANSWERS: patient needs
systems of health care delivery availability of health care tehcnology
2010 IOM report of nursing educational prepartion - ANSWERS: registered nurse:
generalist clinical nurse leader: advanced generalist advanced practice nurse: advanced specialist
Nursing workforce in 2008 - ANSWERS: 2.5 million
slow increase in diversity advanced nurse specialist diverse work settings clinical lader: roles and expectations for promotion
Role segmentation - ANSWERS: Possessing clear boundaries between roles.
role integration - ANSWERS: The ability to move in a fluid way between multiple roles.
role stress - ANSWERS: a social condition in which role demands are conflicting
causes:
- poor relationship w/ colleagues
- perceived lack of control over job
- time demands
- lack of employer support
Role strain - ANSWERS: emotional reaction when role stress is not resolved
- greated in shift work than salaries
Role conflict - ANSWERS: obligation to meet two different roles at once (mom and nurse)
strategies:
- combining efforts
- finding ways to meet obligations
- adjusting nursing shifts FMLA
Role overload - ANSWERS: time and resources allotted for given role is insufficient to
meet role expectations strategies:
- delegation
- prioritization
- changing physical environment
Role ambiguity - ANSWERS: when role expectations are not clearly understood
ANA & BSN - ANSWERS: 1965: ana designated the BSN as the education entry point
Pew health professions/BSN - ANSWERS: 1988: help health professionals, workforce
policy makers, and educational institutions respond to the changing health care system.
Institue of Medicine and Patricia Benner/BSN - ANSWERS: 2009: improved safety
outcomes are related to educational level of staff
The future of nursing/BSN - ANSWERS: 2010: raise BSN nurses in workforce by 80%
and doubling doctoral degrees
AACN/ BSN - ANSWERS: 201 3: employer prefer hiring baccalaureate prepared nurses
Current educational pathways - ANSWERS: 3: bsn, diploma, vocational
First diploma program? - ANSWERS: 1873: Boston training school for nurses in
Massachussets (lasted 4 months)
When did diploma programs peak? - ANSWERS: 1958: 944 programs
Workforce from diploma programs - ANSWERS: 86% of workforce are diploma graduates
by 1 963
Diploma programs 1960 on - ANSWERS: 1960 - 1970 : program decline
1993: 126 diploma programs in 26 states (more than half in Ohio, NJ, PA) 2013: 47 diploma programs in 16 states (19 in PA, 8 in NJ)
Diploma programs requirements - ANSWERS: 2 to 3 years in length
no college degree, non graduates eligible to take licensure exam designed to meet staffing needs apprenticeship model closure of these programs
Baccalaureate Degree education first program? - ANSWERS: 1909: university of
minnesota slow growth occured until ww
mid 1950 BSN outline - ANSWERS: 5 year
2 years of gen, 3 years of academics and clinical practice
accelerated bsn programs - ANSWERS: bridge or transition courses
Hasten graduation of non nurses recruited men & minority: men 40% in accelerated versus 10% in regular new careers in nursing scholarship: under represented male and minority groups
RN-BSN track and educational mobility stats - ANSWERS: 2004: 674 programs
2014: 821 programs
current goal of BSN - ANSWERS: geared to nurse generalist and beginning leadership
roles
