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NSG3160 SCRIPT 2026 FULL SOLVED
CONTENT
◉How do you palpate axillary lymph nodes?. Answer: a. Patient sitting, b-e. Along chest wall and borders of axilla and inner aspect of upper arm ◉What is crepitus?. Answer: a. Coarse, crackling sensation felt during palpation ◉What is fremitus?. Answer: a. Vibration transmitted through body ◉When does decreased fremitus occur?. Answer: a. Obstructed bronchus, pleural effusion or thickening, pneumothorax or emphysema, b. Any barriers between sound and your palpating hand ◉When does increased fremitus occur?. Answer: a. Compression or consolidation of lung tissue
◉What is bronchophony and what are the normal findings?. Answer: a. Ask person to repeat ninety-nine while listening with stethoscope over chest wall, b. NORMAL - soft, muffled, distinct ◉What is egophony and what are the normal findings?. Answer: a. Auscultate chest while person phonates a long 'ee-ee-ee-ee' sound, b. NORMAL - Eeeeeee ◉What is whispered pectoriloquy?. Answer: a. Ask person to whisper a phrase like one-two-three, b. NORMAL - Faint, muffled, inaudible ◉What are the characteristics of bronchial (tracheal) breath sounds?. Answer: a. PITCH - High, b. AMPLITUDE - Loud, c. DURATION - Inspiration < Expiration, d. QUALITY - Harsh, hollow tubular, e. NORMAL LOCATION - Trachea and larynx ◉What are the characteristics of bronchovesicular breath sounds?. Answer: a. PITCH - Moderate, b. AMPLITUDE - Moderate, c. DURATION - Inspiration = Expiration, d. QUALITY - Mixed, e. NORMAL LOCATION - Over major bronchi (fewer alveoli), around upper sternum in 1st and 2nd intercoastal spaces ◉What are the characteristics of vesicular breath sounds?. Answer: a. PITCH - Low, b. AMPLITUDE - Soft, c. DURATION - Inspiration > Expiration, d. QUALITY - Rustling, like the sound of the wind in the
◉How should you assess chest expansion?. Answer: Place thumbs together posteriorly on the thoracic cage and have the patient take a deep breath. NORMAL - Hands move apart symmetrically ◉What is resonance?. Answer: Low-pitched, clear, hollow sounds that predominated in healthy lung tissue in adult ◉What is hyper-resonance?. Answer: Lower pitched, booming sound found when too much air is present such as in emphysema or pneumothorax ◉What is dullness?. Answer: Soft muffled thud. Signals of abnormal density in the lungs (EX: pneumonia, pleural effusion, atelectasis, tumor) ◉What is a tympany?. Answer: High pitched with longer duration than resonance and hyper resonance, sounds like a drum. Normally heard over fluid-filled organs such as the stomach, bladder, and bowels ◉What is tachypnea?. Answer: Rapid, shallow breathing. Increased rate > 24 per minute ◉What is bradypnea?. Answer: Slow breathing. Decreased but regular rate <10 per minute
◉What are Cheyne Stokes's Respirations?. Answer: Respirations gradually wax and wane in a regular pattern increasing in rate and depth then decreasing. Periods of apnea of 20 seconds. Causes - Severe heart failure, renal failure, meningitis, drug overdose, intracranial pressure ◉What is chronic obstructed breathing?. Answer: Air trapping. Caused by COPD ◉What are fine crackles lung sounds?. Answer: High-pitched, discontinuous, popping lung sounds heard during inspiration. Caused by fluid in the alveoli or delayed reopening of the airways. ◉What are crackles lung sounds?. Answer: Discontinuous, high- pitched short crackling, popping sounds heard during inspiration that is not cleared by coughing. ◉What are coarse crackles lung sounds?. Answer: Loud, low-pitched bubbling and gurgling sounds that start in early inspiration and may be present in the expiration. ◉What is pleural friction rub lung sound?. Answer: Superficial sound that is coarse and low-pitched, grating quality as if two pieces of leather is being rubbed together.
◉What does distensible mean?. Answer: Not being able to distend, stretch. ◉What do all of the respiratory changes in older adults cause?. Answer: Risk for complications, especially post-op.
