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NSG550 SCRIPT 2026 FULL SOLVED
CONTENT
◉mammogram is what type of scan. Answer: x-ray ◉What is a DEXA scan used for?. Answer: Diagnosing osteoporosis ◉How does a DEXA scan work?. Answer: It uses X-rays to measure bone density ◉Who should undergo routine screening with DEXA scans?. Answer: Menopausal women, every 2 years ◉What is a nuclear scan also known as?. Answer: Bone scan and thyroid scan (scintigraphy) ◉What can a nuclear scan detect?. Answer: Cancer stage, GI bleed, embolism, brain scan, thyroid nodules, testicular swelling, and heart function ◉What is commonly used in nuclear scans?. Answer: Technetium
◉Who is it contraindicated for to undergo a nuclear scan?. Answer: Pregnant and nursing individuals ◉What precautions should be taken after a nuclear scan?. Answer: Use toilet and flush many times after use, clean up spilled urine, and wash soiled linen alone ◉Renal scan is what type of test. Answer: nuclear ◉What does MRI stand for?. Answer: Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◉Why is MRI considered better than CT scans?. Answer: MRI provides many image angles and natural blood vessel contrast. ◉What are some contraindications for undergoing an MRI?. Answer: Extreme obesity, claustrophobia, agitation, and presence of metal objects. ◉What precaution should be taken before an MRI scan?. Answer: Remove patches and metal objects. ◉diabetes lab tests example. Answer: fasting glucose, HbA1c, GTT, random glucose , C-peptide
◉thyroid function tests. Answer: TSH: elevated (hypothyroidism), decreased ( hyperthyroid) Thyroxine T3: 5- 12 Triiodothyronine T3: 100- 200 ◉What does a cortisol test measure?. Answer: Adrenal activity ◉When are cortisol levels typically higher?. Answer: In the morning ◉What conditions are associated with elevated cortisol levels?. Answer: Cushing syndrome, ACTH-producing tumor, hyperthyroidism, obesity ◉What conditions are associated with low cortisol levels?. Answer: Addison's disease, adrenal hyperplasia, pregnancy, stress ◉ACTH. Answer: measures Anterior pituitary function low levels: Cushing (hypopituitary) high levels: adrenal issues (Addison ◉High ACTH and high cortisol levels. Answer: cushing disease
◉Low ACTH and High cortisol. Answer: Cushing syndrome or adrenal tumor ◉high ACTH and low cortisol. Answer: addison ◉Low ACTH and Low cortisol. Answer: hypopituitarism ◉What does a urinalysis (UA) diagnose?. Answer: Kidney function and metabolic processes ◉What does a first morning UA help diagnose?. Answer: Protein and nitrates ◉When should a timed UA be collected?. Answer: After a meal, in the evening, and then discard the void to start timing ◉What is the purpose of a double void in urine collection?. Answer: To collect fresh urine ◉How is a 24-hour UA collected?. Answer: Discard the first void and then collect urine for 24 hours, including the morning, and store it in the fridge
◉What is a cystoscopy?. Answer: A procedure involving a camera in the bladder. ◉What are the uses of cystoscopy?. Answer: Used for hematuria, recurrent UTI, dysuria, retention, and any bladder problem. ◉What are the therapeutic purposes of cystoscopy?. Answer: Includes ureter sample collection, visualization, and dealing with calculi. ◉What are the complications associated with cystoscopy?. Answer: Complications can include perforation, sepsis, and hematuria. ◉What patient education points are important for cystoscopy?. Answer: Assess voiding for 24 hours, note urine color, avoid standing right away after the procedure, expect burning when urinating, consider antibiotic use before and after, and prevent constipation. ◉Urine appearance abnormalities. Answer: dark red: kidney bleed bright red: lower bleed dark yellow: bilirubin green: pseudomonas
red/brown: beets ◉urine odor. Answer: acetone:DKA foul: UTI fecal:fistula Musty: PKU ◉proteinuria. Answer: glomerular capsule injury kidney disease pregnancy: preeclampsia and edema: Nephrotic syndrome ◉elevated specific gravity. Answer: SIADH or dehydration ◉decreased specific gravity. Answer: diabetes insipidus ◉UTI psotive UA includes. Answer: Leukocyte esterase and nitrates and WBC ◉positive ketones in urine. Answer: DKA,infection and aspirin toxicity , starvation
◉urine albumin. Answer: diagnose or manage CKD ◉Creatinine. Answer: increased: disease-causing renal abnormalities like nephritis and necrosis and diabetic nephropathy, and muscle disease r/t kidney used with BUN and estimates GFR increases when using ACEi,aminoglycoside, NASIDs and chemotherapy ◉eGFR. Answer: tells you stage of kidney disease cystatin C is better used to estimate GFR below 60: indicates disease below 15: is kidney failure ◉creatinine clearance. Answer: 24hr urine and serum creatinine is used to calculate GFr decreased in kidney disease ◉BUN. Answer: low in liver disease high in kidney disease diatry protein can affect BUN measurement of renal and GFR
◉microalbumin done by. Answer: UA and caused by diabetic nephropathy ◉the gold standard for first time kidney stone testing. Answer: non contrast CT scan ◉benefits of HBA1C testing. Answer: diagnose diabetes, monitor blood sugar and predict complictions ◉chloride. Answer: identifies acid-case imbalance and hydration when combined with other electrolytes: doesn't tell you much alone ◉Sodium. Answer: monitor fluid and electrolytes part of BMP and CMP decreases due to Cushing syndrome, overhydration, burns, DI, durtic and renal issues ◉cystoscopy can be used to evaluate. Answer: pathological condtitions, invoving urethra, bladder and yreters ◉hyperuricemia is used to diagnose. Answer: kidney stones ◉Urodynamic studies identifies. Answer: bladder function problems like urine flow, and post residual void
◉What procedure can be done for further analysis in diagnosing rheumatoid arthritis?. Answer: Joint aspiration and synovial fluid analysis ◉Vitamin D testing. Answer: below 20 is deficient over 200 is toxic works with PTH to increase serum calcium ◉calcium levels. Answer: evaluate parathyroid function, monitor those with renal failure, renal transplant, hyperthyroidism and malignancies once blood level decrease, PTH releases calcium symptoms of hypercalcemia: anorexia, N/V and coma hypercalcemia is cause by hyperparathyroid ◉standard testing for HIV. Answer: serology and virology ◉what diagnostic test require one to be NPO. Answer: Blood tests: blood sugar, cholesterol and triglycerides imagining: CT with contrast, abdominal US, endoscopic procudres: colonscopies or GI endoscopies
◉C-reactive protein (CRP). Answer: this is protein made by liver and will release when one has inflammation ◉erthrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). Answer: how fast the RBC sinks to bottom of tube. when inflammation is present then they fall fast instead of slow ◉specific test for RA. Answer: Rheumatoid factor ◉antinuclear antibody (ANA). Answer: target normal proteins diagnosis: SLE, RA, Addison and hepatitis
