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NU606 SCRIPT 2026 FULL CORRECT
ANSWER SET
◉Where are acupoints typically located?. Answer: lie in the tendon and muscular region deep below the skin surface; ; 1-2 mm for ears and face, up to 3 in. For heavily muscled areas. ◉What is milk-alkali syndrome and what electrolyte imbalance can result. Answer: Associated with increased milk and antacid intake, which may also elevate serum calcium levels, hypercalcemia. (metabolic alkalosis) ◉What is meant by synergistic effects of drugs? Antagonistic effects of drugs?. Answer: Synergism means that the effect of the combination may be increased much more than expected. Synergistic can be life threatening causing hemorrhage or coma. Antagonism means greatly decreased An interaction between two or more drugs that causes the total effect of the drugs to be greater than the sum of the individual effects of each drug. A synergistic effect can be beneficial or harmful. Antagonistic effects of drugs? An interaction between two or more drugs that have opposite effects on the body. Drug antagonism may block or reduce the effectiveness of one or more of the drugs
◉What are the benefits of palliative treatment?. Answer: Intended to reduce the manifestation and complications related to the cancer and to prolong life. Ex: decreasing size of tumor may lesson pressure on nerve, relieving pain, or reduce pressure on esophagus. Symptom management. Palliative care reduces manifestations and complications of illness and can prolong life. Puts patient's desire and goals first, Helps patients and families understand treatment plans, pain and symptom control, improves quality of life, less unnecessary hospital visits. ◉Why do infants have a higher need for water in the body? (Not referring to feeding and infant water, but body composition.). Answer: The bodies of infants and young children contain more water (75%) than those of adults and are more vulnerable to dehydration(1). They have a larger surface area in relation to weight (surface-to-volume ratio) than do adult bodies, which allows for greater water loss through the skin. ◉What is the process of Rh incompatibility?. Answer: Develops when the Rh factor antigens on fetal red blood cells differ from those on maternal red blood cells. Results when the mother is Rh negative and the fetus is Rh positive. During first pregnancy there are usually no problems unless the mother has been exposed to Rh-positive blood at some prior time through a blood product or abortion. At the end of the first pregnancy, when the placenta tears during delivery, some Rh-positive fetal blood enters the maternal circulation, stimulating the formation of antibodies to Rh-positive cells in the
◉What are local effects of an expanding tumor mass?. Answer: Pain (late stages), obstruction, tissue necrosis and ulceration. ◉What is the most common tumor suppressor gene defect?. Answer: The most common tumor-suppressor gene defect identified in cancer cells involves P53. More than half of all types of human tumors lack functional P53, which inhibits cell cycling. Rb, DC, and APC are not the most common tumor-suppressor gene defects identified in cancer cells. ◉What are warning signs for cancer?. Answer: 1. Unusual bleeding or discharge anywhere in the body, 2. Change in bowel or bladder habits (prolonged diarrhea or discomfort), 3. a change in a wart or mole, 4. a sore that does not heal, 5. Unexplained weight loss, 5. Anemia or low hemoglobin and persistent fatigue, 7. Persistent cough or hoarseness without reason. 8. A solid lump, often painless, in the breast or testes or anywhere in the body. ◉What does the TORCH acronym stand for?. Answer: Acronym applied to routine prenatal screening tests for high-risk maternal infections: Toxoplasmosis, Other (hepatitis B, mumps, rubeola, varicella, gonorrhea, syphilis), Rubella, Cytomegalovirus, and Herpes ◉What is ultrasound used for in pregnancy?. Answer: Used to view and measure the fetus. Observing development of fetal organs, placental placement, and maternal organs.
◉What are the different ways the body compensates for acid/base imbalances? Which ones are most effective? Fastest? Slowest?. Answer: 1. The body compensates by the bicarbonate-carbonic acid buffer system a. The buffer pairs circulating in the blood respond to pH changes immediately. The respiratory system can alter carbon dioxide levels by changes the respiratory rate. The kidneys can modify the excretion rate of acids and the production and absorption of bicarbonate ion i. Fastest: respiratory rate change ii. Slowest: kidneys compensating. They are slow but are the most effective because they can excrete all types of acids (volatile or gaseous and nonvolatile) and can also adjust serum bicarbonate levels. ◉What are the different types of necrosis?. Answer: Liquefaction (dead cells liquefy under the influence of certain cell enzymes; ex: brain tissues dies or in certain bacterial infection when a cavity or ulcer develops), coagulative (when cell proteins are altered or denatured, when cooking eggs, and the cells retain form for a time after death; ex: MI when lack of oxygen causes cell death), fat (when fatty tissue is broken down in fatty acids in the presence of infection or certain enzyme), caseous (coagulation necrosis in which thick, yellowish, cheesy substance forms; ex: tuberculosis)
c. Respiratory alkalosis: hyperventilation, caused by anxiety, high fever, or an overdose of aspirin. Head injuries or brain stem tumors may lead to hyperventilation. Stress related may develop rapidly d. Metabolic alkalosis: loss of hyd ◉What is meant by toxic effects of a drug?. Answer: Toxic effect is simply an effect that is harmful to a biologic system. The study of toxicity includes physicochemical properties, routes and rates of administration, rates of absorption, biotransformation, and excretion. Specific determination of drug toxicity is based on comparisons with other drugs to measure relative safety levels. ◉How can calcium levels lead to tetany in the body?. Answer: The increase in the permeability and excitability of nerve membranes leads to spontaneous stimulation of skeletal muscle. Tetany is skeletal muscle spasms causing prolonged contraction and/or cramps ◉What indicates development of pregnancy induced hypertension?. Answer: Refers to a state of persistently elevated BP more than 140/90 that develops after 20 weeks of gestation and returns to normal after delivery. Specific cause not determined although numerous risk factors have been identified. If not controlled, can lead to damaged blood vessels in tissues such as the kidneys and retina of the eye or to stroke or heart failure. Decreased blood flow to the uterus may cause premature degeneration of the placenta and
presents a risk to the fetus. Low dose aspirin as treatment is being investigated.
