NUR 641E MIDTERM STUDY GUIDE
Prodrug - Answers :An inactive drug dosage form that is converted to an active
metabolite by various biochemical reactions once it is inside the body.
-Cytochrome P450
-Ex. Aspirin, psilocybin, heroin
Bioavailability - Answers :the rate at and the extent to which a nutrient is absorbed and
used
-Affected by route of administration and drug dosage
-Drug clearance (rate drug leaves circulation)
-Steady state concentration
-Affected by chemical stability, solubility, and first pass
Steady state (of a drug) - Answers :stable level of drug in the body, occurs in 5 half lives
of the drug
-rate of drug being added to system is equal to amount being eliminated from system
Pharmacokinetics - Answers :The process by which drugs are absorbed, distributed
within the body, metabolized, and excreted.
-what the body does to the drug
First pass - Answers :the fact that a medication in the GI tract passes through the liver
before entering other organs
does not - Answers :bioequivalence does/does not affect bioavailability
Bioequivalence - Answers :relative therapeutic effectiveness of chemically equivalent
drugs.
Bioavailability (is affected by) - Answers :-chemical instability
-solubility
-first pass metabolism
Cytochrome P450 - Answers :-enzymes that function to metabolize potentially toxic
compounds, including drugs and products of endogenous metabolism such as bilirubin,
principally in the liver.
-genetics influence presence of enzymes
-affects metabolism of warfarin, antidepressants, antiepileptics, and statins.
-the levels of these drugs are higher when taken with certain drugs that are inhibitors
(ex. warfarin with omeprazole) because there is competition for enzyme metabolism.
-inducers lead to decreased plasma concentration of drug.
cytochrome p450 inducer - Answers :An inducer increases the metabolism of a
substrate resulting in a decreased level or effect of the substrate
