Download Nurs 2000- Midterm Questions with Complete Solutions and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity!
Nurs 2000- Midterm Questions with Complete
Solutions
Critical Social Theory Correct Answer-Expose social inequalities Challenging structural constraints and social policies and the status quo Use this theory to understand root causes and expose them Goals of Critical Theory Correct Answer-1.Analyze the social, economic, political, cultural, and environmental ways individuals and groups are harmed by social institutions and political processes 2.Act on these health damaging effects at a community level to facilitate structural change History of Health Promotion Correct Answer-1974 Lalonde Report- social determinants of health 1986 Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion- Emphasis on achieving equity in health Components of the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotions Correct Answer-
social determinants of health Correct Answer-Strongest predictor of health with Income being the most influential determinant 3 Approaches to Health Promotion Correct Answer-1) Medical- Biomedical
- Behavioral
- Social-environmental Social Ecological Model Correct Answer-Strategies for health promotion are most successful when they target all the levels of influence Social Ecological Model Correct Answer- Population Health Promotion Model Correct Answer-A cube shape image, which explains the relationship between population health and health promotion. This model identifies how population health approach can be implemented through action on the full range of health determinants by means of health promotion strategies Asks 3 questions: On WHAT should we take action?" "HOW should we take action?", and "WITH WHOM should we act?" Community Health Nursing- Foundations Correct Answer-- Focus on entire populations & sub-populations
- Guided by assessment of population health status
Primary Health Care- From the Alma Ata Declaration Correct Answer- Universally accessible Full spectrum of needs include health promotion, prevention, treatment and rehabilitation Multi-sectoral and Intersectoral Intersectoral Correct Answer-health promotion initiatives should involve the collaboration of agencies from relevant sectors Health Equity Correct Answer-People are treated based off their individual needs Health Equality Correct Answer-Everyone is given the same opportunities Neolibralism Correct Answer-Def: Liberalization in global trade, increased deregulation, business-friendly labor markets Open Market Big Corporations- don't want to pay taxes Privatization People are free to live without government intervention Welfare State Correct Answer-a system whereby the government undertakes to protect the health and well-being of its citizens, especially
those in financial or social need, by means of grants, pensions, and other benefits Welfare state retrenchment Correct Answer-Retrenchment of the welfare state pertains to various cost containment efforts governments have tried to introduce. Retrenchment has taken different forms in different countries and different policy areas. It can include cuts in generosity and increasing qualification conditions to make benefits less universal and restrict the number of recipient. Social Justice Correct Answer-Fair distribution of society's benefits and responsibilities Upstream approach - advocate for change in structures and relationships that lead to poor health Shift from individuals to communities CNA's Professional Practice Competencies: Nursing practice requires "...advocacy, political awareness and social responsibility Empowerment Correct Answer-Move toward increased individual and community control, political efficacy, improved quality of community life and social justice
Root Causes of Health Inequalities Correct Answer-Structural Influences on SDOH: •Economics •Social Policies •Politics Social Determinants of Health: •Food insecurity •Housing •Social Exclusion •Education •Income •Etc... Where you find policy Correct Answer-•Federal/Provincial & Municipal Government Legislation •Statutory Bodies •International Treaties •Corporations •Organizations •Groups
Questions to ask when critiquing policy Correct Answer-- who benefits?
- who is missed?
- What are the barriers to implementing?
- What level of government to target?
- Is there a power imbalances? Intersectionality Correct Answer-how inequalities compound themselves ie. gender and race Evidence Base Policy Correct Answer-The integration of experience, judgement and expertise with the best available external evidence from systematic research Political Economy Approach Correct Answer-•the study of the role of public policy in influencing the economic and social welfare of a political unit •Politics (ideology, power) shape distribution of resources •Economics and politics closely tied and influence public policy What is the political state of Canada? Correct Answer-Canada is a liberal welfare state How to build Healthy Policy 8 steps Correct Answer-1. Describe the Problem
•identifies potential actions needed to address the major risk factors •also known as a Community Health Assessment (CHA) Why do CHNA's? Correct Answer-•Determine health status of community residents •Make sure decisions are based evidence •Set priorities •Get community members, stakeholders and other partners involved •Guide policy and program development •Provide information on which to base funding allocations •Map out links and interdependence to other sectors. •Provide insight into root causes and pathways of disease and ill-health •Identify opportunities for disease prevention, health promotion and health protection. Types of data collection for a CHNA Correct Answer-•Observation •Key informant interview(s) •Surveys and questionnaires •Focus groups Population data Vital Statistics Correct Answer-•Systematically tabulated information concerning births, deaths, marriages, divorces, separations, and deaths based on registrations of these events
Uses of demographic data Correct Answer-•Framework for decision making •Assess health of a population •Assess services available to a population •Set health goals •Prevention Epidemiologic Triad Correct Answer-host: genetics, family history, age, sex, race agent: biological, infectious, chemical, physical, nutritional or psychological environment: physical, biological or social Epidemiology Correct Answer-the study of the distribution and determinants of healthrelated states or events in specified populations, and the application of this study to the control of health problems. Epi = upon Demos = people Ology = science
Cause specific mortality rate Correct Answer-Number of deaths from a specific cause in a given time period/ 100, Infant Mortality Rate Correct Answer-number of infant deaths during time period X 1,000 number of live births during time period Benchmark of the health of a country Neonatal mortality Correct Answer-Number of deaths from birth to 28 days per 1000 live births Case Fatality Rate (CFR) Correct Answer-proportion of deaths within a designated population due to a given medical condition the number of deaths from a specified disease over a defined period of time/ the number of individuals diagnosed with the disease during that time; the resulting ratio is then multiplied by 100 to yield a percentage Mortality Correct Answer-death Morbidity Correct Answer-Illness a diseased state, disability or poor health due to any cause
Levels of Prevention Correct Answer-Primary: Immunizations Secondary: Screenings Tertiary: Follow-up Care Incidence Correct Answer-The number or rate of new cases of a particular condition during a specific time. Incidence = Number of new cases during a time period/ Population at risk during that time period Incidence is a rate Prevalence Correct Answer-The number or proportion of cases of a particular disease or condition present in a population at a given time Prevalence = Number of existing cases/ Total number in the population at risk Prevalence is a proportion Relative Risk AKA Risk ratio, Attack rate Correct Answer-For Cohort Studies
