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NURS 2000 Questions with Complete Solutions, Exams of Nursing

Yale UniversityNursing

NURS 2000 Questions with Complete Solutions

Typology: Exams

2025/2026

Available from 11/20/2025

eduminty
eduminty 🇺🇸

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NURS 2000 Questions with Complete Solutions
What is the purpose of theory? Correct Answer-describe, explain, and
predict phenomena
What is population health level? Correct Answer-looks at how
something effects and contributes to a population of people (anti-
smoking campaigns, flue shot, etc)
Describe the Behavioural approach to health promotion. Correct
Answer-- focusses on the actions and behaviours of the individual and
how different social determinants and behaviours impact their health and
health promotion
- socio-economic status is seen to have a large impact on health
promotion and overall health of individuals
- FOCUSSES ON THE INDIVIDUAL AND THEIR ABILITY TO
CHANGE
What is the Dalhgren- Whitehead Model? Correct Answer-- looks of the
layers of influence on health and describes that in order to make a
change to health you must include all of these levels
- looks at relationships between individuals, their environments
(including the SDH) and health
What does health policy usually focus on in reference to finding health
inequities? Correct Answer-- Economics (trying to look at policy to
support food security, who is having troubles with it and how can we
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NURS 2000 Questions with Complete Solutions

What is the purpose of theory? Correct Answer-describe, explain, and predict phenomena What is population health level? Correct Answer-looks at how something effects and contributes to a population of people (anti- smoking campaigns, flue shot, etc) Describe the Behavioural approach to health promotion. Correct Answer-- focusses on the actions and behaviours of the individual and how different social determinants and behaviours impact their health and health promotion

  • socio-economic status is seen to have a large impact on health promotion and overall health of individuals
  • FOCUSSES ON THE INDIVIDUAL AND THEIR ABILITY TO CHANGE What is the Dalhgren- Whitehead Model? Correct Answer-- looks of the layers of influence on health and describes that in order to make a change to health you must include all of these levels
  • looks at relationships between individuals, their environments (including the SDH) and health What does health policy usually focus on in reference to finding health inequities? Correct Answer-- Economics (trying to look at policy to support food security, who is having troubles with it and how can we

look at the economics and societal pieces to make inequities less so people can buy healthy food)

  • Social Politics (guidelines, policies, etc. That affect living conditions conductive to human welfare
  • Politics What five things usually influence public policy? Correct Answer-- political parties (get members elected)
  • interest groups (pressure legislators to pass laws)
  • lobbyists (pressure and inform members of Congress and other elected officials)
  • media (provide info and watch over the government)
  • public opinion (influence elected leaders) What are the things we need to look at when developing a healthy public policy? Correct Answer-- looking at who the policy is aimed at, who are trying to influence, who are we trying to protect
  • what the outcomes are that we are looking at, what the policy can and cannot do/cover, what is the mandate we are trying to meet
  • how are you going to carry out this policy, how is this going to work into a procedure or program What are the 8 steps to policy development? Correct Answer-1) describe the problem
  1. assess readiness for policy development

you learned about the topic (third), looks at the social determinants of health to see what will be most important (middle section), then finally looks at who the target audience will be (top) What is the Health Care Provider and Community System Transformation? Correct Answer-- helps focus on power relations and oppression

  • looks at the injustices of the community and responds
  • encourages the switch from the individual as the patient to the community as a whole being the impacted patient
  • nurses are resources to the community and policy makers Who was Egerton Ryerson? Correct Answer-- was the head of education in Upper Canada
  • made the recommendation for Indian boarding school
  • created the Ryerson report in 1845 stating that children should be away from their parents to limit influencing, should speak english only and were not permitted to speak their language Who was Nicholas Flood Davin? Correct Answer-- politician that studied industrial schools for indigenous children in the USA
  • recommended that Canada follow the example of "aggressive civilization" in the form of a residential school system

What did John A. MacDonald do in the sense of Indigenous schooling? Correct Answer-- authorized the creation of residential schools in 1883 based on the 1879 Davin report recommendations Who was Dr. P.H Bryce? Correct Answer-- he was the Chief Medical Officer for Canada's Department of Interior and Indian Affairs

  • said that children were dying at these schools at alarming rates (upwards of 42% mortality rate)
  • made it clear tat the people running the school (government and churches) were responsible for the health of the children What was the Sixties Scoop? Correct Answer-- mass removal of Indigenous children from their families into the child welfare system
  • occurred during the 60s-mid 80s
  • 70% of the children were adopted and 100% of those children were placed in non-indigenous homes What was forced sterilization? Correct Answer-- coercive sterilization of indigenous women occurred in Canada from 1928-
  • sterilization is the surgery of having one's fallopian tubes tied so that they are unable to have children
  • trying to stop them from reproducing and growing the indigenous culture/"Population Control"
  • consent was only received for only 17% of all of the cases
  • says that all parts of the system of health has some idea of where they need to go Health Programs: the "how"
  • the plans of action, the how of accomplishing goals of the healthcare policy
  • it is very detailed, includes the work to be done, by who, etc. A detailed plan
  • outlines resources needed
  • looks at how they will know when they achieved the policy goal and how they report back to the people who created the policy What is Health promotion? Correct Answer-the process of implementing a range of social and environmental interventions including promoting healthy behaviours, creating supportive environments and encouraging healthy public policies enabling people to take control over and improve their health
  • implementing a variety of social and environmental interventions to improve health of a population what are the 6 steps to developing a health promotion program? Correct Answer-1) pre-planning and project management
  1. conduct a community assessment
  2. identify goals, population of interest and objectives
  3. identify strategies, activities, process, objectives, and resources
  1. develop indicators (pushing towards outcome indicators)
  2. review the program plan (evaluation - comparing how you've accomplished your set goals) What is the current issue with population health right now? Correct Answer-there is not enough funding going into the prevention of illness, the program right now is looking at intervening once the patients come to the hospital with the illness What is a Community Health/ Community Health Needs Assessment (CHNA)? Correct Answer-- describes the state of health within a community
  • assesses the major risks for illness development in the community
  • identifies potential actions needed to take place to address the risk factors
  • helps to look at the community as a whole and potentially compare to other communities Why are CHNAs done? Correct Answer-- determining health status
  • guide the spending of money
  • give services that match the needs
  • guide policy and program development
  • plan and deliver more affective care
  • set prorities
  • collecting demographic data includes surveys
  • use of this data is for decision making, assessing pop. health and setting health goals What is Association vs. Causation Correct Answer-Causation = when a change in one variable produces a change in another variable (cause- and-effect), can only be determined through data collection Association = or correlation can be observed between many variables (relationships) What is the Epidemiological triad? Correct Answer-Looks at the Agent (the pathogen or illness), the host (who is most susceptible) and the environment (what environments are most at risk) What are the five main measurements of Epidemiology? Correct Answer-Incidence, Prevalence, Ratio, Proportion and Rate What is Ratio (Epidemiology)? Correct Answer-- the relationship between any two numbers (ie. number of female nurses to male nurses in the program) What is Proportion (Epidemiology)? Correct Answer-- a ratio where the numerator is included in the denominator (ie. number of male babies born/total number of babies born)

What is Rate (Epidemiology)? Correct Answer-- a proportion with the specification of time (ie. deaths in 2011/total population in 2011) What is Incidence (Epidemiology)? Correct Answer-- the number of NEW cases of an illness in a specific time period divided by the total population at risk (ie. number of new flu cases between November and December)

  • calculated as a rate
  • calculated for a given time period
  • reflects the risk for disease (increased rate = increased risk) What is Prevalence (Epidemiology)? Correct Answer-- the number of existing cases of an illness divided by the total population at risk
  • this is a proportion What is Point Prevalence (Epidemiology)? Correct Answer-the number of existing cases at a particular point in time What is Period Prevalence (Epidemiology)? Correct Answer-the number of existing case over a time interval How do you measure Statistical Correlation? Correct Answer-comparing two sets of rates

What are the 3 measures we can use to compare and analyze rates? Correct Answer-Risk Ratio , Odds Ratio and Attributable risk What is Risk Ratio? Correct Answer-- used to identify differences in disease rate between the exposed and non-exposed populations

  • tells us if the exposed population is higher than the un-exposed population
  • higher RR = suggests that the factor is a risk factor
  • RR = incidence rate among those exposed divided by the incidence of those not exposed What is Odds Ratio? Correct Answer-- used to identify the likelihood of exposure to risk when comparing two groups, one with and one without disease
  • used to estimate how strongly a variable is associated with the outcome of interest
  • the calculation is ad divided by bc What is Attributable risk? Correct Answer-- looks at the incidence of illness or disease in the exposed group subtract the incidence of illness in an unexposed group
  • must have a common denominator
  • amount of illness that occurs as a result of exposure

What are the two main Experimental study designs of epidemiology? Correct Answer-clinical trials and community trials What are the three main Observational study designs of epidemiology? Correct Answer-Cohort study, Cross-sectional study and Case-Control study What is a Cohort Study? Correct Answer-- a prospective study (watches for outcomes) that follows a cohort (a group of individuals) over time

  • typically looks at incidence rates
  • followed prospectively and subsequent status evaluations with respect to a disease or outcome are conducted to determine which initial participants exposure characteristics (risk factors) are associated with it What is a Cross-Sectional study? Correct Answer-- collects data about exposure and outcome at the same time
  • preliminary results only
  • a fatigue study = data without a time sequence example: looking at the prevalence of breast cancer in a population What is a case-control study? Correct Answer-- starts with the outcome of interest and looks back to determine exposure
  • starts with prevalence
  • uses a control group for comparison and base line
  • can calculate approximate Risk ratio
  1. prevention and health protection
  2. health maintenance,p
  3. professional relationships
  4. capacity building
  5. access and equity
  6. professional responsibility and accountability What are the five principles of primary health care? Correct Answer-1) accessibility
  7. public participation
  8. health promotion
  9. appropriate technology
  10. intersectoral cooperation Who is the CNA? Correct Answer-The Canadian Nurses Association
  • national professional association representing over 140 thousand RNs
  • they advocate for the practice and profession of nursing to improve health outcomes and strengthen Canada public funded health care system What is Primary Health Care? Correct Answer-- essential care based on scientifically sound, practical and acceptable methods and technology that is made universally acceptable to individuals and families in the community through their full participation and at a cost that the

community and country can afford to maintain at every stage of development. What is Equity vs. Equality? Correct Answer-Equity = trying to understand and give people what they need to have a full and healthy life Equality = tries to promote fairness and justice but it only works when everyone starts from the same place and need the same things What is Health Equity? Correct Answer-- when people are not disadvantaged from attaining their full health potential because of social constructs (race, ethnicity, religion, gender, sex, etc.) What is Social Justice? Correct Answer-- fair distribution of societies benefits and responsibilities

  • shift from individuals to a community
  • social class groups have different access to capital
  • looks to create change to structures and relationships causing poor health (upstream approach) What is Case Advocacy vs. Class Advocacy? Correct Answer-Case = hell the vulnerable access services Class = change policies, systems and resource allocation