Malpresentation and Malposition - Short Notes
Malpresentation
Definition: Any fetal presentation other than the normal vertex (head-first) presentation.
Five Easy Definitions
1. Any presentation other than vertex presentation.
2. Baby presents with a part other than the top of the head.
3. Abnormal presenting part during labor.
4. Baby is not positioned head-down for birth.
5. Abnormal fetal presentation that may make delivery difficult.
Types
• Breech presentation
• Face presentation
• Brow presentation
• Shoulder presentation (transverse lie)
Causes
• Prematurity
• Multiple pregnancy
• Placenta previa
• Polyhydramnios
• Uterine abnormalities
• Fetal abnormalities
Signs and Symptoms
• Abnormal abdominal shape
• Difficulty palpating fetal head
• Abnormal vaginal examination findings
• Prolonged or obstructed labor
Medical Management
• Antenatal checkups
• Ultrasound examination
• Monitoring mother and fetus
• IV fluids and pain relief if needed
Surgical Management
• External cephalic version (selected cases)
• Assisted vaginal delivery (selected breech cases)
• Cesarean section when vaginal delivery is unsafe
