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Atmospheric Circulation and Weather Patterns: ATS 351 Lab Exercise, Lab Reports of Climatology

Colorado State University (CSU)Climatology

A lab exercise from the ats 351 course, focusing on ocean and atmosphere general circulation, fronts, cyclones, el niño/la nina, air masses, and mid-latitude cyclones. Students are asked to identify meteorological features, explain precipitation patterns, describe weather conditions, and analyze fronts based on sea level pressure maps.

Typology: Lab Reports

Pre 2010

Uploaded on 11/08/2009

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ATS 351, Spring 2009
Week 12, Lab #9 – due April 15/16th
Ocean & Atmosphere General Circulation;
Fronts & Cyclones – 58 points
Question #1: Single-Cell Model & General Circulation (8 points)
To compensate for the surplus and deficit of radiation in different regions of the
globe, the atmospheric winds and ocean currents redistribute the energy equally around
the earth. If we make the following assumptions about Earth: (1) The earth’s surface is
uniformly covered in water, (2) The sun is always directly over the equator, and (3) the
earth does not rotate, we can construct a simple model (Single Cell Model) of the
atmosphere’s general circulation. For the following questions, the answer is either at
the poles or at the equator.
(a) Where is the warmest air found?
(b) Where is the highest surface pressure found?
(c) Where would you expect rising air?
(d) Where would you expect sinking air?
Question #2: Three-Cell Model & General Circulation (14 points)
Below is the three-cell model of the Earth’s general circulation.
1
pf3
pf4
pf5

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ATS 351, Spring 2009

Week 12, Lab #9 – due April 15/16th

Ocean & Atmosphere General Circulation;

Fronts & Cyclones – 58 points

Question #1: Single-Cell Model & General Circulation (8 points) To compensate for the surplus and deficit of radiation in different regions of the globe, the atmospheric winds and ocean currents redistribute the energy equally around the earth. If we make the following assumptions about Earth: (1) The earth’s surface is uniformly covered in water, (2) The sun is always directly over the equator, and (3) the earth does not rotate, we can construct a simple model (Single Cell Model) of the atmosphere’s general circulation. For the following questions, the answer is either at the poles or at the equator. (a) Where is the warmest air found? (b) Where is the highest surface pressure found? (c) Where would you expect rising air? (d) Where would you expect sinking air? Question #2: Three-Cell Model & General Circulation (14 points) Below is the three-cell model of the Earth’s general circulation.

a) (6 points) Identify each of the meteorological features by correctly associating the letter with the features listed below. Equatorial low: Northeast trade winds: Westerlies: Polar front: Southeast trade winds: Polar easterlies: b) (3 points) Referring to the figure above, how many cells (in the Northern Hemisphere) do you see? Please label (by correct name) the cells on the diagram above. c) (5 points) Using the global precipitation distribution map below, explain why there is a large amount of annual precipitation over the equator but low amounts in the subtropics.

h) Warm and moist weather i) Persistent cold, damp weather with drizzle along the East Coast Question #5: Mid-latitude Cyclones (10 points) Describe the process of how a mid-latitude cyclone develops, becomes mature, and then becomes occluded (drawing pictures will help explain). Which stage the storm system is most intense? What makes the storm system die? How long do these systems usually last?

Question #6: Fronts (6 points) Use the SLP map shown below to answer the following questions about the pictured mid-latitude cyclone. a) Using the isobar analysis (red lines, mb), does the center of the above cyclone have a relatively high or low-pressure center compared to the surrounding environment? b) A cold front is the boundary between the cold, dry cP air and warm, moist mT air. There is also usually a clear wind shift (change in wind direction) and a significant (~ 10°F) temperature change at this boundaryIf there is a cold front associated with the mid-latitude cyclone, label this cold front on the above map using the appropriate symbol. c) A warm front is the boundary between the warm, moist mT air and the cooler, moist mP air. There is usually a slight wind shift at this boundary as well. If there is a warm front associated with the mid- latitude cyclone, label this warm front on the above map using the appropriate symbol.