Q1. Explain in brief about address binding and its stages?
Address binding is the process of mapping from one address space to another address space.
Logical address is an address generated by the CPU during execution, whereas Physical Address
refers to the location in the memory unit (the one that is loaded into memory). The logical
address undergoes translation by the MMU or address translation unit in particular. The output
of this process is the appropriate physical address or the location of code/data in RAM.
Three stages of address binding =
Binding in compile time
If physical memory addresses known a priori, absolute code can be generated, must recompile
code if starting address changes.
Loading the executable as a process in memory is very fast.
Binding in load time
Must generate relocatable code if physical address is not known during compile time.
The loader translates the relocatable address to an absolute address.
The base address of the process in main memory is added to all logical addresses by the loader
to generate an absolute address. In this, if the base address of the process changes, then we
need to reload the process again.
Binding in execution time
Binding delayed until run time if the process can be moved during its execution from one
memory segment to another. Need hardware support for address maps. (eg:- base and limit
registers)
Q2. Differences between;
a) Paging v/s Swapping
Paging Swapping
It is a technique of memory allocation. It is procedure of copying out the entire process.
Paging occurs when some part of process is
transferred to disk.
Swapping occurs when whole process is
transferred to disk.
In this the contiguous block of memory is made
non-contiguous but of fixed size called frame or
In this process is swapped temporarily from main
memory to secondary memory.
