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Operating Systems and Computer System Architecture: A Basic Introduction, Lecture notes of Operating Systems

Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan (BZUM)Operating Systems

First lecture of Operating system

Typology: Lecture notes

2018/2019

Uploaded on 08/11/2019

shaxia
shaxia ๐Ÿ‡ต๐Ÿ‡ฐ

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OUT LINE
1. What OS do?
2. Computer System Organization
3. Computer System Architecture
What OS do ?
An operating system (OS) is a collection of software that manages computer hardware resources and
provides common services for computer programs. The operating system is a vital component of the
system software in a computer system.
An Operating System (OS) is an interface between a computer user and computer hardware. An
operating system is a software which performs all the basic tasks like file management, memory
management, process management, handling input and output, and controlling peripheral
devices such as disk drives and printers.
Some popular Operating Systems include Linux Operating System, Windows Operating
System, VMS, OS/400, AIX, z/OS, etc
Definition
An operating system is a program that acts as an interface between the user and the computer
hardware and controls the execution of all kinds of programs.
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Download Operating Systems and Computer System Architecture: A Basic Introduction and more Lecture notes Operating Systems in PDF only on Docsity!

OUT LINE

  1. What OS do?
  2. Computer System Organization
  3. Computer System Architecture

What OS do?

An operating system (OS) is a collection of software that manages computer hardware resources and

provides common services for computer programs. The operating system is a vital component of the

system software in a computer system.

An Operating System (OS) is an interface between a computer user and computer hardware. An

operating system is a software which performs all the basic tasks like file management, memory

management, process management, handling input and output, and controlling peripheral

devices such as disk drives and printers.

Some popular Operating Systems include Linux Operating System, Windows Operating

System, VMS, OS/400, AIX, z/OS, etc

Definition

An operating system is a program that acts as an interface between the user and the computer

hardware and controls the execution of all kinds of programs.

An Operating System manages device communication via their respective drivers. It does the

following activities for device management โˆ’

  • Keeps tracks of all devices. Program responsible for this task is known as the^ I/O controller.
    • Decides which process gets the device when and for how much time.
    • Allocates the device in the efficient way.
    • De-allocates devices.

File Management

A file system is normally organized into directories for easy navigation and usage. These

directories may contain files and other directions.

An Operating System does the following activities for file management โˆ’

  • Keeps track of information, location, uses, status etc. The collective facilities are often known as file system.
  • Decides who gets the resources.
  • Allocates the resources.
  • De-allocates the resources.

Other Important Activities

Following are some of the important activities that an Operating System performs โˆ’

  • Security^ โˆ’^ By means of password and similar other techniques, it prevents unauthorized access to programs and data.
  • Control over system performance โˆ’ Recording delays between request for a service and response from the system.
  • Job accounting โˆ’ Keeping track of time and resources used by various jobs and users.
  • Error detecting aids โˆ’ Production of dumps, traces, error messages, and other debugging and error detecting aids.
  • Coordination between other softwares and users โˆ’ Coordination and assignment of compilers, interpreters, assemblers and other software to the various users of the computer systems.

Computer System Organization:

The major high-level components of a computer system are:

1) Hardware , which provides basic computing resources (CPU, memory, I/O devices).

2) Operating system , which manages the use of the hardware among the various application

programs for the various users and provides the user a relatively simple machine to use.

3) Applications programs that define the ways in which system resources are used to solve the

computing problems of the users (compilers, database systems, video games, business

programs). 4) Users , which include people, machines, other computers.

Computer System Architecture

A computer system is basically a machine that simplifies complicated tasks. It should maximize performance and reduce costs as well as power consumption.The different components in the Computer System Architecture are Input Unit, Output Unit, Storage Unit, Arithmetic Logic Unit, Control Unit etc. A diagram that shows the flow of data between these units is as follows:

The input data travels from input unit to ALU. Similarly, the computed data travels from ALU to output unit. The data constantly moves from storage unit to ALU and back again. This is because stored data is computed on before being stored again. The control unit controls all the other units as well as their data.

Details about all the computer units are:

  1. Input Unit