Operating Systems: The Backbone of Computer Functionality, Slides of Computer science

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Operating Systems

Presented by: Abigail Atiwag

Operating systems (OS) are software systems that manage

computer hardware, software resources, and provide services

for computer programs and users. Here are key topics related

to operating systems:

Types of Operating Systems Mobile Operating Systems : OS for mobile devices, smartphones, and tablets, including Android, iOS (Apple), and Windows Mobile (discontinued). Embedded Operating Systems : OS for embedded systems and devices (e.g., IoT devices, automotive systems), such as Embedded Linux, FreeRTOS, and Windows Embedded.

Operating System Functions

Process Management : Managing processes, scheduling CPU

time, allocating resources, and ensuring efficient multitasking

and multiprocessing.

Memory Management : Allocating and managing system

memory (RAM), virtual memory, memory paging, and memory

protection.

Operating System Functions User Interface : Providing graphical user interfaces (GUIs), command-line interfaces (CLIs), and system utilities for user interaction, system configuration, and administration. Security and Access Control : Enforcing user authentication, access permissions, encryption, firewall configurations, and system security policies.

Operating System Functions Networking : Supporting network protocols, communication, and network configurations (e.g., TCP/IP stack, network drivers, network services).

Operating System Components System Libraries : Software libraries and modules that provide functions, APIs, and services for application development and system programming. Drivers : Software components that interface with hardware devices, manage device operations, and provide communication between hardware and the OS.

Operating System Components Utilities : System utilities and tools for system administration, troubleshooting, performance monitoring, and system configuration (e.g., Task Manager, Disk Cleanup, System Monitor).

Operating System Architecture Hybrid Kernel : Combines aspects of monolithic and microkernel architectures, providing flexibility and performance optimizations (e.g., Windows NT kernel, macOS kernel). Virtualization : OS-level virtualization (e.g., Docker containers, VirtualBox, VMware) and hypervisor-based virtualization (e.g., VMware ESXi, Microsoft Hyper-V) for running multiple virtual machines (VMs) on a single physical machine.

Process Management Process Creation and Termination : Creating, executing, suspending, resuming, and terminating processes, managing process states (e.g., running, ready, blocked). Scheduling Algorithms : CPU scheduling algorithms (e.g., round-robin, priority-based, shortest job next) for efficient process scheduling and resource allocation.

Memory Management Memory Allocation : Allocating and deallocating memory for processes, managing memory segments (e.g., stack, heap), and preventing memory leaks and fragmentation. Virtual Memory : Using virtual memory techniques (e.g., paging, segmentation) to manage memory efficiently and provide a larger address space than physical RAM.

Memory Management

Memory Protection : Enforcing memory protection mechanisms

to prevent unauthorized access, buffer overflows, and memory

corruption.

File System Management File System Integrity : Ensuring file system integrity, consistency, and recovery mechanisms in case of file system errors or crashes.

Device Management Device Drivers : Writing and managing device drivers for hardware devices (e.g., graphics cards, network adapters, storage devices) to enable communication with the OS. Plug and Play (PnP) : Automatic detection, installation, and configuration of hardware devices and drivers without manual intervention.