Organic chem functional group
Alkane - A hydrocarbon containing only single covalent bonds (C-C)
Alkene - A hydrocarbon containing at least one carbon-carbon double bond (C=C).
Alkyne - A hydrocarbon containing at least one carbon-carbon triple bond (C≡C)
Alcohol - A hydroxyl group (-OH) bonded to a saturated (sp3 hybridized) carbon
atom (R-OH)
Aromatic ring - Six carbon ring with alternating double and single bonds
(BENZENE)
Phenol - Benzene ring with a hydroxyl group (-OH) attached ("Phen"-"ol" phenyl
alcohol)
Aldehyde - A terminal functional group that contains a carbonyl group bonded to
at least one hydrogen atom (condensed formula: R-CHO)
Ketone - A non-terminal functional group in which the carbonyl group is bonded to
two other carbons or alkyl chains (condensed formula: RCOR')
carboxylic acid - A terminal functional group in which the carbonyl group is
bonded to a hydroxyl group (-OH) (condensed formula: R-COOH)
Ester - A carbonyl group bonded to an alkoxy group (R-O) think carbonyl ether
(condensed formula: R-COOR)
Ether - An oxygen atom bonded to two alkyl chains easiest way to remember R-O-
R
Amine - A basic Nitrogen atom with a lone pair (Can be bonded to alkyl chains or
hydrogens)
Amide - A functional group containing a carbonyl group bonded to a Nitrogen
atom (the nitrogen can be substituted as well)
