Organic Chemistry – Functional Groups, Summaries of Organic Chemistry

Organic Chemistry – Functional Groups Reference

1. Introduction to Organic Chemistry

Organic chemistry is the study of carbon-containing compounds. Carbon's ability to form four covalent

bonds and create long chains and rings gives rise to millions of distinct molecules. Functional groups

are specific atoms or groups of atoms that confer characteristic chemical properties.

2. Major Functional Groups

Functional Group General Formula Example Key Properties

Alkane C-C single bonds Ethane (C2H6) Non-polar; low reactivity

Alkene C=C double bond Ethene (C2H4) Electrophilic addition

Amine -NH2 Methylamine Basic; H-bonding

Amide -CONH2 Acetamide Peptide bonds in proteins