ORGANIC CHEMISTRY : SOME BASIC PRINCIPLES AND
TECHNIQUES|VERIFIED ANSWERS100%|2025
Hybridisation of an atom-✓✓H = No. of σ bonds + No. of lone pairs
Selection of Principle Carbon Chain-✓✓1. Principal functional group
2. Maximum number of multiple bonds
3. Maximum number of Carbon atoms
4. Maximum number of substituents
Carboxylic acids-✓✓-COOH
-oic acid
Sulphonic acids-✓✓-SO3H
-sulphonic acid
Acid anhydride-✓✓R-C(=O)-O-C(=O)-R
-oic anhydride
Esters-✓✓RCOOR
-oate
Acid halides-✓✓RCOX
oyl halide
Amides-✓✓RCONH2
-amide
Nitriles-✓✓R-CN
-nitrile
Aldehydes-✓✓-CHO
-al
Ketones-✓✓C=O
-one
Alcohols-✓✓R-OH
-ol
Thiols-✓✓R-SH
-thiol
Amines-✓✓-NH2
-Amine
Alkyl-✓✓-R
