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REPORT UPON
OVERFLOW ANALYSIS
. TO
PASSAIC VALLEY SEWERAGE COMMISSIONERS
PASSAIC RIVER OVERFLOWS
Carmine T. Perrapato
Thomas J. Cifelli
Robert.J. Davenport ..
Be~ w. Gordon
Joseph M. Keegan.
Charles A. Lagos
Seymour A. Lubetkin
Charles C. Carella
Mrs. Charles T. Schaedel
Chairman
Vice Chairman
Commissioner
Commissioner
Commissioner
Comm issioner
Chief Engineer
Chief Counsel
Clerk· Treasurer
1976
ELSON T, KILLAM ASSOCIATES. INC. 1:·//l"inl/ll/ll'll1c11ulld Hydr/l/lt/I" f:llgill(:l'I".I: -IX ESS~"' S I~ 1:1:"1". \11I.I.Hl'R S. SEW J ERSE Y I17dJ I
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ABSTRACT
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P'R E FA CE
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EL :;sO~ T. :&JLLAM ASSUCIA.TEl:>. INC.
PREFACE
In accordance with the agreement between The Passaic Valley sewerage commissioners^ and^ Elson^ T.^ Killam^ Associates.^ Inc.,^ Einviron-
1a1enta1 and Hydraulic Engineers, dated August 19. 1974, and approved by
~he United States Environmental Protection Agency, a Final Report upon C)Verflow Analysis is hereby submitted~ setting forth the findings, conclusions and recommendations,^.^ in accordance. with the requirements of 'the agreement • The Table of Contents indicates the report topics, the initial sections begin introductory information such as "Purpose of Report", .'Scope". and "Methodology", The first section of the detailed body of. the report discusses the general approach followed to develop the data ~equired for a project of this magnitude and complexity. The other four sections in the body arrange the overflows in geographical groupings, from the northerly terminus of the PVSC interceptor in the Paterson Area to the southerly portions of the PVSC District in the Newark and Kearny- 1iarrison Areas. The final conclusions and recommendations concerning the Over- flow Study and Analysis are included ahead of the "Summary Report Upon OITerflows into the Passaic River" to be found following the Table of Contents. Appreciation and thanks are extended to all those who assisted in this task and helped to bring this phase of the work to completion. Special thanks are extended to the laboratory staff of PVSC, who did the sampling analysis, to the field personnel, whose cooperation was invaluable, and iii
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
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ELSON T. RJLLA!<{ ASSUCIATE~.lNC.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Abstract^ ii Preface , iii Conclusions and Recommendations x Summary Report. xvii .Purpose of Report 1 Scope^2 Definitions^4 Methodology^6 Arrangement of Report 8 Overfl~ Study Area Reports 11 Introduction 12 Paterson Area Overflows CurtisS.U.M. PlacePark 'Mulberry Street WestBank BroadwayStreet Bridge Street NorthwestArch Street Street Jefferson Street Stout North StreetStraight Street Hudson Street MontgomerYStraight StreetStreet
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ELSON T. J{1LLAM ASSOCIATE!:;, INC.
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Kearny-Harrison-EastIvy Street, Kearny Newark Area JohnstonHarrison Avenue,Avenue, KearnyHarrison BergenCentral Avenue,Avenue, KearnyEast Newark New (Hamilton) Street. Harrison DukesBergen Street.Street, ·KearnyHarrison MiddlesexMarshall Street,Street, KearnyHarrison DeyCieveland Street, Avenue, Harrison Harrison '. TappanBergen Street.Avenue, KearnyKearny NairnWorthington Avenue, Avenue, Kearny Harrison
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Estimate of Total System Overflows , 192 The Significance of the PVSC Overflows 208 Appendix
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TABLES
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PLATES
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ELSON 'T. :B:ILLAM .ASSOCIATES. INC.
Plate N~ 1 2 3 4 5
PLATES
Description
Typical Overflow Schematic Location of PVSC overflows in the Paterson Area. • •
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- • .. .. • • • 10 .. Location 1n the Clifton_Passaic-Rutherfordof PVSC Overflows Area • •. Location of PVSC Overflows in the Newark Area •. •...^ ..^.^ ..^.^ ..^.^ ..
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Locationin the Kearny-Harrisan-Eastof PVSC OVerflows Newark Area..' 166
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CONCLUS IONS AND RECml:fr'·:DA TIO::S OVERFLOW This study and report upon the Passaic Valley Sewerage C;ornmissioners' Interceptor and tributary collection systems, serving an area of approximately one .hundred square niles, covers bo.th Infiltration/ Inflow Analysis as t.;rellas an investigation 'of combined sewer overflows. Combined sewers are located in .about twenty-four percent of the area se~ed. Seventy-thr~e overflows are located within the PVSC District, and these provide an outlet for about sixteen square miles of combined se1Ner area located within the District. About three square miles of cOlllbined sewers are located within the PVSC District but do not have l?VSC overflows. Some of these overflows provide an outlet for sanitary se~er systems while the bulk serve combined syst~s. Sixty-five over~ floWS are classified active, while eight are classified as inactive. During the course of the study, it was found that approx- imately twenty-three additional overflows or bypasses owned by the City of Paterson are located within the City's collection system and discharge combined sewage directly into storm sewers which empty into the Passaic River. These are additional to the twenty-eight overflows classified active a~d located in the Paterson area which are part of the PVSC system.
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F. r _SON T.:D 1LL,\ ~r •^ .\SSUCI^ ATES.^ I~(".
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Three major overflows included in the foregoing, namely, Peddie, Queen, and ~averly, are located in the South Side of the .City of ""'"!e~lark -" ,...hich is served by.combine.d set.Jers. The overflo'i.Jsfrom the Sou,th S ide of Newark discharge into Newark [lay. Heasurements tvere made at: all of the active PVSC overflow chambers to determine. the rate and volume of overflow, as well as the ciegree of pollution resulting from these'overflows during storm periods. A comparison was made' of the quality of the combined storm ,,laterover- flow with the dry weather sewage flow which was measured at both the sixty-five active and the eight inactive overflo,~ stations within the pVSC system. Measurements of overflow were conducted over a period of a ~ear. !t was found that Tainfall occurred on one hundred and four days during the one-year period of study. Furtheremore, overflows occurred from seventy to eighty times per year during the period of study. overflows generally occurred within fifteen to twenty minutes after rainfall intensity exceeded 0.04 inches per hour. The duration of the o~erflow period generally coincided with the time of rainfall and over- flow has been found to occur for only short periods following reduction of rainfall intensities. The peak overflow rates were found to.be e~tremely high, ranging from twenty to thirty times the dry weather flow irl the collection system tributary to the overflow chamber. The volu~e of overflow ~,'asfound to be a function of rainfall intensity, ,duration
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The remaining storm flO~ from the balance of the PVSC Area (about 84 square miles) discharged i~ exccsa of 40,000 XG during the same study period, via storm drains, also with a measurable pollutional loat 6n the River. It has been estimated that the total annual pollutional loading from the combined sewer overflows in the FVSC District aggregates about 4,800 tons of BOD per ye~r, for the study period. It should be
noted that the study year (1975) was found to be the second highest
rainfall year of record. Subsequently, it is presumed that a proportionate condition of runoff to the Passaic River prevailed during the same period, that is, extremely high river volumes of flo~. The annual loading to the r-iver from PVSC overflo~s occurs usually during storm periods and its effect an the river is cooplicated by: increased river flow - higher velocities; storm water, and overland discharges along the. river; tidal effects; and other factors ~hich require a study far beyond the scope of this investigation. It waS intended to study the effect of loadings on the River, utilizing the available River model prepared under separate contract for the State of ~ew Jersey. The mathematical model could not be used because of its limitations under actual dynamic conditions. In other \fords, the forn:.ulationof a dynamic model by Killam Associates is well beyond the intent of the contract with PVSC. The data compiled during this study and reported upon certainly could be used and would be helpful in the fonnulation of a dynamic model. It is recommended that such study by undertaken to deter~min~ the true effect on the River.
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r.J.SO~ ,!",liff.LA?-1 ,\SSOCIATF.S.IXC,
Regardless of the effect on the P-iver, Public Law 92-
requires the objective of "zero" discharge by year 1985. The prac-
ticality of the timing of this objective notv1ithstanding, four alter- native solutions have been considered, as follows:
- Relief i~terceptor to accommodate storm water flows.
- Reconstruct portions of sanitary and combined sewer system (^) ,'.(separation and replacement). .3. Separation of combined sewer syste:'Jsand construction of PVSC relief interceptor.
- Alternative storage plans. It has been determined that the nost effective method of eliminating overflows is to provide storage (Alternative 4). This storage might best be provided by the construction of deep rock tunnels with adequate capacity to store combined overflows. It has been estimated that the storage required \o1Ouldbe in excess of 700 Hillion Gallons (MG). This capacity should be adequate to acco~odate the runoff from a four-incp rainfall over the nineteen square miles of the combined sewer It would then be possible to pump the stored combined flow into the treatment plant, which would be able to handle a flow in excess of the existing PVSC interceptor capacity. The cost of consb:'Uctin~ a storage tunnel, and required pumping facilities, has been estimated to be approx- imately $700 million to $800 million. The total collection system possible infiltration was found to range from about 70 MGD to 100 MGD. It has been determined that approx- imately 73 percent of this possible infiltration was located in the
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