Overview of Programming - Problem Solving and Structured Programming - Lecture Slides, Slides of Advanced Computer Programming

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Chapter 1

Overview of

Programming and

Problem Solving

Chapter 1 Topics

• Computer Programming
• Programming Life-Cycle Phases
• Creating an Algorithm
• Machine Language vs. High Level Languages
• Compilation and Execution Processes
• C++ History
• Computer Components
• Computing Profession Ethics
• Problem-Solving Techniques

Programming Life Cycle Phases

• Problem-Solving

• Implementation

• Maintenance

Problem-Solving Phase

• Analyze the problem and specify

what the solution must do

• Develop a general

solution(algorithm) to solve the

problem

• Verify that your solution really solves

the problem

One Employee’s Wages

In one week an employee works 52 hours at the hourly pay rate of $24.75. Assume a 40. hour normal work week and an overtime pay rate factor of 1.5.

What are the employee’s wages?

7

40 x $ 24.75 = $990.

12 x 1.5 x $ 24.75= $445.50 ___________

Weekly Wages, in General

If hours are more than 40.

*wages = (40.0 * payRate) + (hours - 40.0) * 1.5 payRate

otherwise

wages = hours * payRate 8

RECALL EXAMPLE

(40 x $ 24.75) +(12 x 1.5 x $ 24.75) = $1435.

Algorithm to Determine an

Employee’s Weekly Wages

**1. Get the employee’s hourly payRate

2. Get the hours worked this week
3. Calculate this week’s regular wages
4. Calculate this week’s overtime wages(if any)
5. Add the regular wages to overtime wages(if any)** to determine total wages for the week

What is a

Programming Language?

• A programming language is a

language with strict grammar rules,

symbols, and special words used to

construct a computer program

Implementation Phase: Test

• Testing your program means running(executing) your program on the computer, to see if it produces correct results
• If it does not, then you must find out what is wrong with your program or algorithm and fix it--this is called debugging

Maintenance Phase

• Use and modify the program to meet

changing requirements or correct

errors that show up in using it

• Maintenance begins when your

program is put into use and

accounts for the majority of effort on

most programs

A Tempting Shortcut?

16

GOAL

THINKING CODE

REVISE REVISE

REVISE

DEBUG

DEBUG

DEBUG

TEST

CODE

Memory Organization

• Two circuit states correspond to 0 and 1
• Bit(short for binary digit) refers to a single 0 or 1
• Bit patterns represent both the computer instructions and computer data
• 1 byte = 8 bits
• 1 KB = 1024 bytes
• 1 MB = 1024 x 1024 = 1,048,576 bytes

Machine Language

• Is not portable
• Runs only on a specific type of computer
• Is made up of binary-coded instructions(strings of 0s

and 1s)

• Is the language that can be directly used by the

computer

High Level Languages

• Are portable
• User writes program in language similar to natural

language

• Examples -- FORTRAN, COBOL, Pascal,

Ada, Modula-2, C++, Java

• Most are standardized by ISO/ANSI to provide an

official description of the language