Equine Therapy: Handling, Management, and Therapeutic Riding Techniques, Study Guides, Projects, Research of Psychiatry

A detailed overview of equine and participant management, lesson planning, and risk mitigation in therapeutic riding. It includes identifying unsoundness, managing behavior, basic anatomy, and teaching techniques. It addresses conditions like ADHD, cerebral palsy, sensory processing disorder, and emotional instability, offering adaptation strategies. Safety checks, postural corrections, and signs of equine stress are covered, emphasizing welfare and safety. This resource is valuable for instructors and volunteers, offering guidance for a safe and effective environment. It also covers teaching techniques, safety checks, and strategies for managing equine stress and burnout.

Typology: Study Guides, Projects, Research

2024/2025

Available from 08/01/2025

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PATH CTRI EXAM STUDY GUIDE REVIEW
1.5 sections: 1- equine management
2- participant/volunteer management
3- lesson management
4- risk management
5- riding theory
2.1- equine handling: 1- identify unsoundness
2- manage equine behavior
3- basic anatomy
3.2- participant/volunteer management: 1- participant issues
2- effective teaching
3- volunteer management
4.3- lesson management: 1- assess participant suitability
2- create lesson plan/adjust as needed
3- progress notes
4- fit equipment (horse and rider)
5.4- risk management: 1- safety checks
2- identify alignment issues
3- respond to emergencies
6.5- riding theory: 1- tack up
2- arena etiquette
7.what influences the topline?: "tangs"
-training regimen
-age
-nutrition
-genetics
-saddle fit
8.equine behavior (causes and solutions): "swerv"
-soundness
-working environment
-equipment fit
-rider balance/behavior
-volunt influences
9.how is topline developed?: "thlbs"
-transitions
-hills
-lateral movement (leg yields)
-bending
-body stretches
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PATH CTRI EXAM STUDY GUIDE REVIEW

  1. 5 sections: 1- equine management 2- participant/volunteer management 3- lesson management 4- risk management 5- riding theory
  2. 1- equine handling: 1- identify unsoundness 2- manage equine behavior 3- basic anatomy
  3. 2- participant/volunteer management: 1- participant issues 2- effective teaching 3- volunteer management
  4. 3- lesson management: 1- assess participant suitability 2- create lesson plan/adjust as needed 3- progress notes 4- fit equipment (horse and rider)
  5. 4- risk management: 1- safety checks 2- identify alignment issues 3- respond to emergencies
  6. 5- riding theory: 1- tack up 2- arena etiquette
  7. what influences the topline?: "tangs" -training regimen
  • age
  • nutrition
  • genetics -saddle fit
  1. equine behavior (causes and solutions): "swerv"
  • soundness -working environment -equipment fit -rider balance/behavior -volunt influences
  1. how is topline developed?: "thlbs"
  • transitions
  • hills -lateral movement (leg yields)
  • bending -body stretches

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  1. what ensures equine wellness?: - breaks
  • workload -pairing (with participants)
  • relationships
  • stressors
  • routine
  • fitness
  • nutrition
  1. front conformation: "wcs hds" -width of chest -correctness of legs -spring of rib
  • head -depth of body
  • symmetry
  1. rear conformation: "mcds" -muscle definition -correctness of legs -depth of body
  • symmetry
  1. side conformation: "bcn tpl dj"
  • balance/symmetry -correctness of legs -neck length/thickness -topline length and lie -legs length of bone -depth of body -joint angles
  1. way of going conformation: uwfff unsoundness, way of going, footfall patterns on two tracks, freedom of move- ment/bend, frame
  2. bowed tendon: - unsoundness -Thickening of the back of the leg above the fetlock
  3. bone spavin: - unsoundness -bony enlargement at the base and medial surface of the hock
  4. contracted heels: - unsoundness -Narrow heels with a small, pinched frog. This condition can be caused by navicular syndrome, poor conformation, or poor trimming and shoeing.

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  1. splint: -blemish and unsoundness -bony enlargement between knee + fetlock
  2. week 1 training program: alone
  3. week 2 training program: volunteers
  4. week 3 training program: rough
  5. week 4 training program: distractions
  6. 3 reasons to remove eq from mounted work: - unsoundness
  • behaviors
  • environment
  1. unsoundness: affects usefulness / way of moving
  2. blemish: defect - hurts appearance but not working ability
  3. 4 reasons for mouthy behavior: "eiuu" -equipment fit -improper handling
  • unsoundness -unbalanced rider
  1. 5 key points of evaluation for potential equine: "btshm"
  • behavior
  • temperament
  • size
  • height
  • movement
  1. bursa: hock
  2. deep flexor: pastern
  3. abcess: -localized bacterial infection -leg swelling -warm hooves -walk on toe -pulses near pastern
  4. arthritis: -swollen, tender, fluid filled joints
  • swelling
  • heat
  • lameness
  • stiffness narrow, shortened steps
  1. ADHD: - inattentive/hyperactive/mixed -impulsivity/impatience "sarquic"

5 / 23 -sensory needs -ask questions after instructions

  • redirection -quick pace, frequent changes
  • decrease distractions
  • independence
  • maintain close proximity
  1. cerebral palsy: -motor disability from brain damage -high/low muscle tone
  • involuntary movement (dyskinetic CP)
  • head/trunk control problems (cannot be supported with external support)
  • atypical reflexes (safety hazard) -hip disorders (cannot ride safely)
  • g tube (precaution) -spinal curvature -skin breakdown -spasticity: narrow horse, increased warmup, dis/mount -balance: avoid sudden transitions and small circles -communication (consult with SLP) AFOs should be worn
  • trotting contraindication for decreased trunk/neck control
  • shorten ride time to prevent fatigue
  1. sensory processing disorder: -unexpected responses -gravitational insecurity (extreme response to having feet off ground) -self stim -decreased muscle tone -hyper/hypo activity -motor incoordination -emotion management -firm pressure -processing time
  • multi sensory reaching techniques
  • quiet time for overstimulation
  1. vestibular sense: balance
  2. proprioception sense: movement, force, position
  3. interoception sense: internal
  4. aggression, abusive behavior: -ground rules + consequences
  • carry out consequences without getting emotional

7 / 23 -noncompliance with helmet (contraindication)

  • severe sensory needs uncontrolled seizures (contraindication)
  • routine -limit distractions -multisensory instruction -limit verbal input -quiet processing time
  • give choices
  • "first...then" -ignore unwanted behav, reward wanted behav
  1. intellectual disability: -problem solving, memory, reasoning -self care, adl -danger awareness (increase supervision) -behavior problems -low muscle tone, trunk strength, coordination -communicate discomfort (precaution) -multisensory teaching -quiet processing time
  • routine -task analysis -check for understanding
  • redirection -setting goals, making decisions
  1. postural corrections are most effective when...: they include a why explana- tion
  2. attention challenges: -active movement -tack that challenges balance -promote independence
  • trot/turns -several short activities
  • sidewalker for support
  1. delayed processing: -give processing time -follow another rider -teach skill before mount -use repetition
  • use all 3 learning preferences

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  1. communication challenges: -consistent system of communication -establish clear communication -neg behav = frustration train volunteer in communication system
  2. high muscle tone: -longer warmup -dis/mount techniques that do not increase town -narrow horse, smooth gait -equipment to accommodate mounting -side pull, loop reins, english saddle, elastic bands
  3. low muscle tone: -weight bearing activities (half-seat, posting)
  • change of pace within and between gates -wide horse, concussive gait -equipment with more support (western saddle)
  1. sensory sensitivity: -give sensory input
  • trot
  • variety of riding environments -horse: forward moving -equipment close to horse for more movement (bareback pad)
  1. effective praise: - contingent
  • specific -follow through
  • progress
  • appreciation
  • success/effort
  1. fallen rider / medical emergency: -all activities stop -horse leaders straight line away, halt and head -sw stay with rider, thigh hold -no one enter/leave w/o instruction
  2. 4 professionals to collaborate with: - hippotherapy
  • SLP
  • PT
  • physician
  1. postural correction: -body alignment -ongoing correction -riding skill devel
  2. specific praise: - positive -reinforce desired behavior -acknowledge indiv -identify behavior

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  1. participation criteria: "bchh pssw"
  • benefits
  • contra -head/trunk control
  • helmet -pain; communication
  • safety -sit astride independent; range of motion
  • weight
  1. goals: -broad, long range -big picture, destination
  2. objectives: -road maps to destination -breakdown of steps -action words
  3. SMART goals: - specific
  • measurable
  • attainable
  • relevant -time bound
  1. specific goal: who, what, where, when, why, which
  2. measurable goal: how much, how many, how know accomplished
  3. attainable goal: -how accomplish -how realistic
  4. relevant goal: -assist progression of skills
  5. lesson plan: - objective
  • equipment
  • volunteers
  • dis/mount -pre riding activity -warm up -task analysis -skill explanation
  • practice
  • progression -cool down
  • conclusion
  • reflection
  1. natural aids: leg, hands, weight, voice

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  1. saddle fit: "bbgl psttw"
  • balance -billet alignment -gullet width -length (last floating, 18th) -panel contact
  • straightness -tree angle -tree width -wither clearance (2-3)
  1. precaution: additional investigation - outside contact - modify, equip, re-eval
  2. contraindication: inappropriate for activity - temp/perm
  3. ladder reins: steps
  4. gaming reins: nylon
  5. rommel reins: buttons
  6. split reins: split
  7. humes reins: loops
  8. student safety check: "hamps"
  • helmet
  • attire
  • mouth
  • pockets
  • stirrups
  1. horse safety check: "smerg"
  • soundness
  • match
  • equipment
  • reins
  • girth
  1. posterior pelvic tilt: front up, back down
  2. anterior pelvic tiltt: front down, back up transitional half seat/posting upper body stretches
  3. core vaccination: "wert" -west nile virus
  • encephalomyelitis

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  1. risk based vaccinations: - anthrax
  • botulism -herpesvirus (rhinopneumonitis)
  • influenza -viral arteritis
  • leptospirosis -potomac horse fever -rotoviral diarrhea
  • strangles
  1. temperature TPR: 99-101 F 37.2-38.3 C
  2. pulse TPR: 28-44 bpm
  3. respiration TPR: 10-24 breaths p min
  4. muscle tone: resting tension - readiness to contract w/o excess slack/shorten- ing
  5. heaves: cough, breathing, wheezing, nasal discharge
  6. cushings: coat length/shedding laminitis lethargy sweating weight loss drinking/urinating
  7. bridles utilize these pressure points: nose, roof of mouth, poll, NOT cheek
  8. balanced seat: requires minimum muscular effort to remain in saddle, inter- feres least w horse's movement/balance
  9. bight of the reins: passes thru fingers out top of hand
  10. collected gait: on the bit neck raised an arched light forehand, engaged hindquarters shorter strides, lighter
  11. conformation: physique - how horse is put together makes a horse able to work well and stay sound even with hard work
  12. cross firing: gait defect - inside hind foot strikes diagonal foreleg
  13. extended gait: Covering as much ground as possible, lengthening strides to the utmost while maintaining the same rhythm.
  14. forehand: front of horse: head, neck,

14 / 23 shoulders, forelegs in front of the center of gravity

16 / 23 looking away from the direction of movement

  1. side pass: A movement in which the horse goes straight and sideways; the horse's outside leg should cross over in front of the supporting leg. This movement has a slight degree of forward motion. Side passing lets you move the horse over to

17 / 23 open and close a gate easily when mounted, helps in suppling and in preparing for flying changes.

  1. supple: relaxed, flexible, easily bend and turn
  2. topline define: from the hip, over the loin, through the back and neck
  3. trappy: short, quick, choppy stride short steep pasterns and straight shoulders
  4. two track: horse moves forward and diagonally at the same time
  5. turnback: balance on hocks,, collect, and turn on haunches
  6. abduction: movement away from midline legs separating
  7. adduction: movement toward midline legs together tight adductor muscles difficulty sitting astride
  8. ataxia: incoordination brain injury, cerebral palsy
  9. athetosis: involuntary irregular twisting cerebral palsy
  10. aura: sensation before seizure/migrane
  11. contracture: limited range of motion of joint shortening of muscles, tendons, ligaments around joint
  12. cyanosis: blue/purple discoloration - deficient oxygen
  13. decubitus ulcer: skin lesion - pressure
  14. diplegia: quadriplegia w/ greater involvement of lower body cerebral palsy
  15. distal: further from trunk
  16. dorsiflexion: bend ankle toes up
  17. edema: swelling
  18. external rotation: away from midline hips: thigh turn away, knees out
  19. flaccid: lack of tension spinal cord injury
  20. flexion: bending
  21. hemiplegia: one side of

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  1. internal rotation: inward toward midline knee point together
  2. kinesthesia: conscious perception of extent, direction, position, weight, move- ment of body in space proprioception, vestibular
  3. kyphosis: abnormal spinal curvature - excessively round upper back
  4. lateral flexion: movement sideways away from midline trunk
  5. lordosis: abnormal spinal curvature excessive arched lower back
  6. medial: center
  7. occlude: close up, block off
  8. ocular control: vision fixation - holding eyes still visual tracking - follow movement focus - rapidly change from near to far
  9. orthosis: brace/support
  10. paralysis: los of movemment, sensation brain/spinal cord injury, muscular dystrophy
  11. paraplega: legs
  12. paresis: partial, incomplete paralysis muscle weakness
  13. perseveration: persistence of one reply, idea, motor response - excessive repetition
  14. praxis: skill, performance of purposeful movement that involves motor planning
  15. pronation: turning palm down or sole of foot so weight is shifted to arch
  16. proximal: nearer the trunk
  17. quadriplegia: paresis, paralysis of trunk and all four extremities brain/spinal cord injury, cerebral palsy, degenerative illness
  18. rotation: pelvic, spinal rotation femur at hip joint
  19. scoliosis: atypical lateral curvature of the spine
  20. sensory integration: skill and performance in processing and responding to sensory input, motor input, sensory feedback

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  1. shoulder girdle: shoulder blades, collar bones, breast bone
  2. spasticity: excessive resting tension
  3. subluxed: partially dislocated
  4. supination: turn pal up, shift weight to outer edge of foot
  5. supra malleolar orthosis: foot ankle brace
  6. thoracolumbosaral orthosis: back brace