Exam Questions: Clinical Pathology II (DCMED 213) - Kabarak University, 2017, Exercises of Pathology

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KABARAK UNIVERSITY

UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS

MAIN CAMPUS

SECOND SEMESTER, 2017 ACADEMIC YEAR

MAIN CAMPUS

EXAMINATION FOR THE DIPLOMA IN

CLINICAL MEDICINE

DCMED 213: Clinical Pathology II

STREAM: Y1S2 TIME: 9.00-11.00 P.M

EXAMINATION SESSION: MAY – AUGUST DATE: /04/ 2017

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INSTRUCTIONS: Answer all questions

1. Answer all questions
2. Appropriate use of illustrations and examples is encouraged
3. Keep answers clear, neat and to the point

a) Hepatitis b) Bronchopneumonia c) Lobar pneumonia d) HIV related pneumonia

6. It is usually associated with dietary factors, especially a high intake of fat. a) Cirrhosis b) Gastritis c) Jaundice d) Cholecystitis
7. Ingestion of calories above metabolic expenditure results in a) Morbidity b) Malabsorption c) Obesity d) Obsession
8. HDL (high density lipoproteins) a) are important in the synthesis of steroid hormones and in supplying cholesterol to body cells b) pick up cholesterol, which then reacts with a plasma enzyme, forming LDLs c) are produced when the liver converts excess carbohydrates to fatty acids d) are broken down into triglycerides
9. Onset is characterized by personality changes such as forgetfulness, confusion and irritability. As the condition progresses, hyperreflexia; asterix or flapping tremors; violent, abusive behaviour; and EGG changes. Fetor hepaticus may be detected. The final phase, the comatose phase, results in permanent damage to brain tissue This best describes: a) Biliary cirrhosis

b) Hepatic encephalopathy c) Hepatic Carcinoma d) Alcoholic cirrhosis

10. The accumulation and infiltration of hepatocytes by fat or lipid material is known as a) Hepatic infiltration b) Hepatic lipidomic c) Hepatic steatosis d) Hepatic obesity
11. It results from increased portal pressure and/or decreased plasma protein, levels, especially albumin, which is primarily responsible for maintaining colloid osmotic pressure in the plasma. a) Oesophageal varices b) Pleural effusion c) Ascites d) Pedal oedema
12. An uncommon complication of Peptic ulcer disease is a) Haemorrhage (Bleeding) b) Perforation of the Intestinal wall, leading to peritonitis. c) Penetration of the ulcer into surrounding structures d) Gastric Obstruction, especially common in the pyloric area.
13. Transient inflammation of the gastric mucosa, mucosal haemorrhages, and erosion of the mucosal lining. Associated with alcoholism, aspirin ingestion, smoking, and severely stressful conditions such as trauma, burns, central nervous system damages, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy - these describe a) Chronic gastritis b) Acute gastritis c) Gastric erosion d) Gastric carcinoma

c) Infective myocarditis d) Rheumatic carditis

19. Hepato-renal syndrome is a) acute renal failure in the presence of liver failure. b) acute liver failure in presence of renal failure c) Chronic liver failure in the presence of renal failure d) Chronic renal failure in the presence of acute liver failure
20. Chronic hereditary disease characterized by mucoviscidosis and other systemic manifestation a) Broncho-asthma b) Bronchiectasis c) Pneumoconiosis d) Cystic fibrosis

Section B: Short Answer questions 40 Marks

1. In relation to laryngitis a) Define laryngitis (2 marks) b) What are the causes? (2 marks) c) How does it manifest? (2 marks) d) List two complications (2 marks)
2. Define Chronic Bronchitis (2marks) b) Outline the pathogenesis of chronic Bronchitis (4 marks) c) Two subjective findings (2 marks)
3. Describe gastro-oesophageal reflux and how oesophagitis occurs (2 marks) b) What is the aetiology of gastro-oesophageal reflux? (4 marks) c) What are clinical manifestations? (2 marks) d) List two consequences of Reflux and oesophagitis (2 marks)
4. What is Jaundice (2 marks) b) Give a brief explanation of Portal Hypertension (3 marks)

c) Viral hepatitis is characterised by 3 things, list them (3 marks)

5. What is Liver cirrhosis? (2 marks) b) Outline the characteristics and the classification of Liver cirrhosis (6 marks) Characterized by the following;

Section C: Long Answer questions (40 marks)

Use of illustrations is encouraged

1. With regards to atherosclerosis a) Describe the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis (8 marks) b) List 2 complications of atherosclerosis (2 marks)
2. In relation to Rheumatic heart disease a) Outline the pathogenesis (6 marks) b) List 2 complications (2 marks) c) List 2 signs (objective findings) you will elicit in patient with Rheumatic heart disease (2 marks)
3. With regards to Congestive Cardiac Failure a) Define what it is and the causes (4 marks) b) List 4 symptoms (subjective findings) (4 marks) c) List 2signs (objective findings) (2 marks)
4. Using a table highlight the differences between lobar and bronchopneumonia (10 marks)