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Divergent and Convergent Evolution: Understanding the Shapes of Species, Slides of Ecology and Environment
An overview of two major evolutionary processes: divergent and convergent evolution. Divergent evolution occurs when a group from one species becomes isolated and follows a different line of evolution due to distinct selective pressures and gene pools. Convergent evolution, on the other hand, refers to organisms living in similar environments developing similar traits despite being distantly related. Examples of divergent evolution in finches and convergent evolution in whales, sharks, and placental and marsupial mammals. Coevolution is also discussed as a process where two populations interact closely, each acting as a strong selective pressure on the other.
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2012/2013
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Divergent Evolution
- when a group from one species becomes isolated from the rest, it may follow a different line of evolution due to different selective pressures and gene pools
- adaptive radiation causes Divergent Evolution
EX.
Whales Sharks sim’s -
diff’s -
- Caudal fins (^) • Caudal fins
- sub shape • sub shape warm blood cold blood lungs gills mammal fish
- Another example is the similarities between placental mammals (found in most of the world) and marsupial mammals (found in Australia/New Zealand) that evolved separately but in similar habitats
- similar environmental pressures dictated body plans be similar
COEVOLUTION
- 2 different populations that interact so closely so that each act as a strong selective pressure to each other
- ex. Plants & insects/birds as their pollinators