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PEDIATRIC EXAM STUDY GUIDE REVIEW, Study Guides, Projects, Research of Pediatrics

Virginia State University (VSU)Pediatrics

PEDIATRIC EXAM STUDY GUIDE REVIEW

Typology: Study Guides, Projects, Research

2025/2026

Available from 01/09/2026

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PEDIATRIC EXAM STUDY GUIDE REVIEW
A child has been admitted to the emergency department with a closed head injury.
Identify the lab and diagnostic tests that will be ordered. List at least five (5)
interventions the nurse will provide to the client? What medications should the
nurse anticipate the provider to prescribe and why?
• Lab/Diagnostic Tests
oABGs, & CBC with differential
oCervical spine XR, CT/MRI of head/neck, & ICP measurement
• Interventions
oMaintain patent airway
oKeep HOB elevated to 30 degree
oAvoid extreme flexion, extension, or rotation of head & maintain
in midline neutral position
oKeep body in alignment
oImplement seizure precautions & provide calm, restful environment
• Medications
oCorticosteroids: Used to decrease cerebral edema
oMannitol: Osmotic diuretic to treat cerebral edema
oAntiepileptics: Used to prevent/treat seizures
oAntibiotics: Use r/t CSF leakage, laceration, or penetration injuries
oAnalgesics: Used of HA/pain management
What are three (3) points the nurse should educate the parents of an epileptic
client on regarding seizure medications?
• The three points of education that a complication of this medication are
CNS effects such ad hyperactivity and irritability, educate the patient that
this medication will control the seizures not cure the disorder, medication
should be taken same time every day.
A nurse is discussing sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) with new parents.
Identify three (3) points that the nurse should educate the parents on regarding
measures to prevent SIDS.
• Some education on ways to prevent SIDS ae to place the infant on the
back to sleep, avoid exposure to tobacco smoke, remove pillows, stuffed
animals from the crib during sleeping.
What are the common causes of iron deficiency anemia and which children are at
risk?
• Most common cause usually result from inadequate dietary supply. Other risk
factors; premature birth, excessive intake of cow’s milk in toddlers,
malabsorption disorder due to prolong diarrhea, poor dietary intake of iron,
increased iron requirement due to blood loss, and chronic disorder (i.e. folate
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PEDIATRIC EXAM STUDY GUIDE REVIEW

A child has been admitted to the emergency department with a closed head injury. Identify the lab and diagnostic tests that will be ordered. List at least five (5) interventions the nurse will provide to the client? What medications should the nurse anticipate the provider to prescribe and why?

  • Lab/Diagnostic Tests o ABGs, & CBC with differential o Cervical spine XR, CT/MRI of head/neck, & ICP measurement
  • Interventions o Maintain patent airway o Keep HOB elevated to 30 degree o Avoid extreme flexion, extension, or rotation of head & maintain in midline neutral position o Keep body in alignment o Implement seizure precautions & provide calm, restful environment
  • Medications o Corticosteroids: Used to decrease cerebral edema o Mannitol: Osmotic diuretic to treat cerebral edema o Antiepileptics: Used to prevent/treat seizures o Antibiotics: Use r/t CSF leakage, laceration, or penetration injuries o Analgesics: Used of HA/pain management What are three (3) points the nurse should educate the parents of an epileptic client on regarding seizure medications?
  • The three points of education that a complication of this medication are CNS effects such ad hyperactivity and irritability, educate the patient that this medication will control the seizures not cure the disorder, medication should be taken same time every day. A nurse is discussing sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) with new parents. Identify three (3) points that the nurse should educate the parents on regarding measures to prevent SIDS.
  • Some education on ways to prevent SIDS ae to place the infant on the back to sleep, avoid exposure to tobacco smoke, remove pillows, stuffed animals from the crib during sleeping. What are the common causes of iron deficiency anemia and which children are at risk?
  • Most common cause usually result from inadequate dietary supply. Other risk factors; premature birth, excessive intake of cow’s milk in toddlers, malabsorption disorder due to prolong diarrhea, poor dietary intake of iron, increased iron requirement due to blood loss, and chronic disorder (i.e. folate

deficiency, sickle cell anemia, hemophilia) A nurse is caring for a client with glomerulonephritis. What interventions regarding nutritional intake and restrictions should be taken?

statements by the parent indicate understanding of this diagnosis? (select all that apply) "Reye Syndrome typically follows a viral illness." "There is no association between using aspirin for fevers and development of Reye Syndrome." "My son's liver function may return to full function." "His

symptoms of irritability, confusion, and lethargy are expected with this diagnosis." "There is no known treatment for Reye Syndrome and its symptoms."

  • Answer:) Reye Syndrome typically follows a viral illness. My son's liver function may return to full function. His symptoms of irritability, confusion, and lethargy are expected with this diagnosis. There is no known treatment for Reye Syndrome and its symptoms. The nurse is caring for a client with suspected bacterial meningitis. What is a priority action for the nurse to initiate?
  • The nurse should isolate the client as soon as meningitis is suspected and maintain droplet precautions per facility protocol. The nurse should also initiate seizure precautions, monitor v/s and neurological assessments. What is a Patent Ductus Arteriosus? Identify two (2) clinical manifestations of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA).
  • Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is a heart problem that affects some babies soon after birth. In PDA, abnormal blood flow occurs between two of the major arteries connected to the heart. Manifestations include; diaphoresis, rapid and heavy breathing, fatigue, poor weight gain, and little interest in feeding. Identify nursing actions in the immediate post-operative period of a client who had a cleft palate repair.
  • Perform standard postoperative care, including assessment of vital signs and pain management using an age-appropriate tool.
  • Keep the infant pain-free to decrease crying and stress on repair.
  • Administer analgesics as prescribed.
  • Assess the operative sites for signs of crusting and infection.
  • Avoid sucking on nipple or pacifier.
  • Avoid hard toys that the infant may bring to their moth to protect the incision site.
  • Monitor intake and output and weigh daily.
  • Assess family coping and support. A nurse is caring for a child who has sickle cell disease: What Nursing interventions should the nurse provide? Select all that apply: Provide hydration Provide oxygen Administer analgesics Provide parental support Give cool baths
  • Answer: provide hydration, administer analgesics, provide parental support,

A nurse is conducting an admission assessment on a client with acute renal failure. What are expected clinical manifestations that may be noted?

  • Manifestations include; decreased urine output (although occasionally, urine output remains normal) chest pain or pressure, jugular vein distention, fluid retention, causing edematous legs, ankles, or feet, shortness of breath, confusion, nausea, seizures or coma in severe cases.