Perception and Pattern Recognition - Human Cognitive Processes - Lecture Slides, Slides of Brain and Cognitive Science

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Perception & Pattern Recognition

• Perception = attaching meaning to the sensory information we receive

Proximal stimulus Distal Stimulus

Size constancy

Retinal image size decreases as objects become further away, but we don’t perceive these objects as “shrinking”

Perceptual organization

• Principle of proximity:
• Principle of similarity:
• Principle of closure

More organizational laws

• Principle of good continuation:

is seen as

instead of +

Template matching

• Mind stores “templates” that must be exactly matched to stimuli in environment

Featural analysis

• We break stimuli down into sets of features and look for sets that match our memory

Prototype matching

• Mind stores an abstract prototype to which stimuli are matched
• Avoids problem of having to have an exact match to a template

Top-down processes

Two problems for bottom-up models:

• Context effects
• Expectation effects

Additional context effects

• “Change blindness” (Simons & Levin, 1997)
• Word superiority effect
• Upside-down pictures: