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PERENCANAAN LAYOUT
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
1. Identify and Define
- Fixed-position layout
- Process-oriented layout
- Office layout
- Retail layout
- Warehouse layout
- Product-oriented layout
2. Identify and Define
- Work cells
- Assembly line factory
3. Describe and Explain
- Precedence diagram
- Optimisation using precedence diagram
THE STRATEGIC IMPORTANCE OF
LAYOUT DECISIONS
- Layout is one of the key decisions that determines the long-run efficiency of operations management.
- Layout has numerous strategic implications because it establishes an organisation’s competitiveness in regard to capacity, processes, flexibility, and cost, as well as quality of work life, customer contact, and image.
- An effective layout can help an organisation achieve a strategic advantage that supports differentiation, low cost and quick response.
LAYOUT DESIGN
1. Fixed-position layout
2. Process-oriented layout
3. Office layout
4. Retail work
5. Warehouse layout
6. Product-oriented layout
1. FIXED-POSITION LAYOUT
This type of layout addresses the layout
requirements of large, bulky projects such as
ships and buildings.
(Design is for stationary project)
In a fixed-position, the project remains in one
place and workers and equipment come to that
one work area.
(Workers and equipment come to site)
2. PROCESS-ORIENTED LAYOUT
• A layout that deals with low-volume, high-
variety production; like machines and
equipment are grouped together.
• This is a traditional way to support a product
differentiation strategy. It is most efficient
when making products with different
requirements or when handling customers.
Advantage:
- A big advantage of process-oriented layout is its flexibility in equipment and labour assignments. The breakdown of one machine, need not halt an entire process, work can be transferred to other machines. Disadvantage:
- The process-oriented layout comes from the general- purpose equipment. Orders take more time to move through the system, because of difficult scheduling, changing setups, and unique material handling. It requires high labour skills, and work-in-process inventories are higher because of imbalances in the operations process.
2. PROCESS-ORIENTED LAYOUT (Cont)
Step 2 Determine the space requirements
(showing available plant space for each department) Dept 1 Dept 2 Dept- 3 Dept- 4 Dept- 5 Dept- 6 60 meters 40 meters
Step-3: Develop an initial schematic diagram (Showing the sequence of departments through which parts must move. Try to place departments with heavy flow of materials or parts next to one another) 1 4 5 6 2 1 3 50 50 20 50 30 100 (^1020) 100
Example:
• The cost to move one load between adjacent
departments is estimated Rp.1000000.
Moving a load between nonadjacent
departments costs Rp.2000000.
• Cost (in million) = 50 + 200+40+30+50+
Step-5: By trial and error to improve the layout
- (or by a more sophisticated computer program approach to find the lowest cost)
- Cost (in million) = 50+100+20+60+50+10+40+100+ = 480 2 4 5 6 1 3 50 (^50 ) 50 30 100 20 10 100
3. OFFICE LAYOUT
- The grouping of workers, their equipment, and spaces to provide for comfort, safety and movement of information. Accounting Manager
OFFICE RELATIONSHIP CHART
- A useful tool to analyse the importance of information movement among departments. O U A I A O Manager Costing Engineering Manager’s Secretary Value Closeness A Absolutely necessary I Important O Ordinary closeness U Unimportant
