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Pharmacology Final Exam Questions with
Answers
1. Phenothiazi
nes, like chlorpromazine, are used to treat .: Psychosis
2. A1 Blockers have as an adverse effect.: Hypotension (They
work too well)
3. Which drug works on the hypothalamus to reduce fevers?: acetaminophen (Tylenol)
4. Which drugs work to reduce symptoms of BPH?: A1 Blockers such as tamsulosin (Flomax) and
5-Alpha Reductase Inhibitors such as Proscar.
5. Benzos and
Antihistamines work to reduce .: Anxiety
6. What are the signs and symptoms of a cholinergic crisis?: Circulatory collapse
Hypotension Bloody Diarrhea Bronchoconstriction Shock Cardiac Arrest
7. Cli
ents with asthma or COPD should not receive .: -
2 / 21 Non-selective Beta Blockers
8. Hydroxzine
hydrochloride (Atarax), Hydroxine pamoate (Vistaril) and diphenhydramine (Benadryl) are all and are used to treat .: Antihistamines Anxiety
9. Three catchecolamines are :: Epinephrine
Norepinephrine Dopamine
10. B1 Beta Adrenergic
Receptors are located in .: The Heart--When it comes to Beta Receptors remember: You have ONE heart and TWO lungs. Beta1 works in the heart and Beta2 works in the lungs.
11. Cholinergic drugs mimic the response
which is or .: Parasympathetic rest digest
12. Beta blocker drugs all end in what three letters?:
LOL Propranololol, atenolol, carvedilol
13. Non-Benzos like Ambien can
4 / 21 Increased urinary frequency Increased Salivation Increased sweating (diphoresis) Pupils Constric (Miosis)
19. Bethanechol (Urecholine) is
used for .: Urinary Retention (URE=urine)
20. What conditions would cholinergic drugs be useful to treat?: Glaucoma
Xerostomia (dry mouth) GI Motility Lowering HR Vasodilation Indirectly: Alzheimers
21. What are B1 Blockers used to treat?: Angina, MI cardiac dysrhythmias, hypertension and heart
failure. (B1 Blockers work on the heart so all of these are cardiac issues)
22. What are the adverse effects of cholinergic drugs?: (Think that they suppress the
parasympathetic nervous system too much.) Syncope Hypotension Urinary frequency Breathing diflculties
5 / 21
23. Tylenol overdose drug:: acetylcysteine
24. Dobutamine, Dopamine, Norepinephrine,
Phenylphrine, epinephring and midodrine are all .: Adrenergics
25. Tricyclic Antidepressants are not used as often. What are some of the
names to be aware of?: Elavil, Sinequan, Tofranil
26. Patients using MAO
Inhibitors should avoid .: Foods with tyramine (Aged cheese, wine, etc)
27. What are the limits of acetaminophen?: 4g/day (may be lowered to 3g/day)
2g/day for liver problems or advanced age
28. What is the tylenol overdose drug?: acetylcysteine
29. For ACE inhibitors, what would be a sign that the patient isn't tolerating
the drug very well?: Dry, persistent cough
30. What are the nursing activities for administering Ace Inhibitors?: 1) Monitor
BP and Serum K
2) Monitor for 1st Dose Hypotensive Ettect and instruct patient to change positions slowly
3) Monitor cough
31. What are the nursing activities for ARB's?: 1)Monitor BP and Serum K (Watching
for hyperkalemia)
- Manage symptoms of hypotension
7 / 21 Route Right Time Right of Refusal
37. What are the fastest to slowest routes of administration?: IV, SL, IM, SubQ,
Oral, Topical
38. When we think of excretion,
we think of .: Kidneys
39. If there is impaired
excretion, it could lead to .: Toxicity
40. Explain a schedule C-1 Drug: Most addictive, high potential for abuse, no medical use
41. With Warfarin,
the patient should avoid. Why?: Leafy Greens Due to the decreased anticoagulant ettect
42. Tetracycline
and Quinolones patients should avoid .: Dairy Products due to the decreased treatment ettect due to absorption
43. Statin, Antidsyrhythmics and
CCB patients should avoid .: Grapefruit Juice
44. MAO inhibitor patients and Linezolid patients should
avoid .: Foods with tyramine due to the raised blood pressure and a possible hypertensive
8 / 21 crisis.
10 / 21 will be used.: Nitrates
52. What are the four antidiarrheals?: Adsorbents (Pepto-
Bismol) Anticholinergics (Bella Donna Alkyloid) Opiate Derivatives (Immodium, Lomotil) Probiotics
53. How do bulk forming laxatives work?: Absorbs fluids
Stimulates GI peristalsis
54. How do Hyperosmotic and Saline Laxatives work?: Increase of Fecal Water Content
55. How do Emollient/Softening laxatives, like Colace, work?: By mixing stool, fat
and water content
56. What do stimulant laxatives stimulate?: The nerves for peristalsis
57. What needs to be ASSESSED when administering adrenergic agonists such
as epinephrine?: 1) Photosensitivity
2) Nausea and Constipation
3) Urinary Output
58. What needs to be MONITORED when administering adrenergic agonists?: 1)
Vital Signs
2) Breath Sounds
3) Watch for IV infiltration
11 / 21
59. What needs to be MONITORED when administering anticholinergic drugs
such as Atropine, Bentyl, Robinul, Vesicare, or Oxybutynin?: 1) Bowel Sounds (can slow or stop GI motility)
2) Urinary Output (can be made diflcult to urinate)
3) Oral Care (Secretions can dry up)
4) Heart Rate (can be increased)
5) Patient Safety must be ensured
6) Do not give to glaucoma patients (increases intraocular pressure)
60. Crazy Pam Drives a Benz means what?: Benzodiazepams are used to treat psychosis and
anxiety.
61. What nursing activities are important to remember when adminstering
Benzo's?: 1) Taper ott gradually
2) Evaluate level of anxiety
3) AVOID ETOH AND OTHER CNS DEPRESSANTS
4) Patient safety must be ensured.
62. What nursing activities are important to remember when administering
MAO Inhibitors?: 1) Avoid foods with tyramine
2) Monitor mood/suicidal thoughts
3) Inform about "lag time"
13 / 21 water in diet
69. What does the nurse need to be aware of when administering opioid
painkillers?: The antidote for overdose is NARCAN. (Have on hand if respiratory depression occurs.) There are multiple routes for adminstration. Use the equianalgesic chart when using ditterent routes/drugs/doses to find the right dose. Know immediate release versus extended release forms.
70. Why is methadone good for detox?: It has a long half life that lasts longer than the action
71. How to administer bronchodilators:: Give bronchodilator before inhaled steroid. Wait 2-
minutes between medications. Wait 1-2 minutes between putts.
72. After using an inhaled steroid, what should the patient do?: Rinse their mouth
with water to prevent fungal infection.
73. What is the route of administration of thrombolytic drugs?: IV-it is always given as
an IV to quickly break up clots that cause stroke but has risky side ettects because ALL clots in the body break up and the patient could bleed out.
74. With Heparin the should be monitored and kept in
the range.: aPTT Norm=25-35 seconds Therapeutic range =45-70 seconds
75. With Heparin injections, what are the nursing
14 / 21 activities? What is the overdose antidote?: Do not rub Rotate Sites Do not aspirate SubQ injections IV infusion with a pump Protamine Sulfate
76. What ranges are we looking at when administering warfarin (Coumadin)
and what are the therapeutic levels? What is the overdose antidote?: INR=2-3.5 PT= Seconds (norm=11-13 seconds) Vitamin K
77. All antiplatelet, antifibrinolytic, thrombolytic and anticoagulants have the
same adverse effect that the nurse should monitor for. What is it and what should be done?: Bleeding Implement bleeding precautions such as use of an electric razor, minimize dangers, etc.
78. Diuretics, like the Loop Diuretic furosemide (Lasix), should be administered
.: Early in the day
79. If the serum potassium level is low what should you do when administering
the next dose of diuretics?: HOLD it until the potassium level increases or hypokalemia can occur
80. Potasssium supplements and eating
16 / 21 monitoring Epoetin Alfa (Epogen), use the because it changes faster.: Hemoglobin level
88. Epoetin Alfa (Epogen) will not create RBC's without
in the body.: Adequate stores of iron
89. If
Epoetin Alfa (Epogen) is working, the patient will feel less .- : Fatigue (Oxygen levels will increase)
90. What should patients taking insulin be educated about?: Types and Routes
of administration Site Rotation Types of Insulin Prevention and Treatment of hypoglycemia
91. What are the causes of hypoglycemia in diabetes patients?: Excessive Exercise
Insuflcient Food Excessive Insulin
92. Metformin should be discontinued before any
radiologic test with contrast and. If not, what condition is the patient at risk for?: 48 Hours The day of the procedure Lactic Acidosis
17 / 21
93. Metformin can commonly cause:
Metformin can infrequently cause:: GI Distress Metallic Taste, Hypoglycemia
94. When teaching a patient about the legalities regarding a prescription for
methylphenidate (Ritalin), which statement is most accurate? a.Methylphenidate (Ritalin) is a C-I narcotic that can only be prescribed ac-cording to an approved protocol.
b. Methylphenidate (Ritalin) is a C-II narcotic that cannot be refilled and can
only be filled with a written prescription.
c. Methylphenidate (Ritalin) is a C-III narcotic for which a prescription will
expire in 6 months.
d. Methylphenidate (Ritalin) is a C-IV narcotic that is only allowed to be refilled five times
per prescription.: b.Methylphenidate (Ritalin) is a C-II narcotic that cannot be refilled and can only be filled with a written prescription. Methylphenidate (Ritalin) is classified as a C-II narcotic. C-II narcotics can only be dispensed with a written prescription and cannot be refilled.
95. The nurse is assessing a patient's culture and race on admission to the
hospital. Which concept is important for the nurse to understand regarding drug therapy as it relates to different races of individuals?
a. Polypharmacy
19 / 21 b.Planning, Assessment, Diagnoses, Implementation, Evaluation c. Diagnoses, Assessment, Planning, Evaluation, Implementation d.Assessment, Diagnoses, Planning, Implementation, Evaluation: d.Assessment, Diagnoses, Planning, Implementation, Evaluation The typical organization for the nurse process is assessment, nursing diagnoses, planning, implementation, and evaluation.
98. The nurse should check a medication how many times before administra-
tion of a medication under the "right drug" part of the Six Rights? a.One time
b. Three times
c. Five times
d. Depends on the drug being administered: b. Three times
The nurse should check the medication three times and confirm each time that the medication is the right drug before to administration of the medication.
99. Pharmacokinetics involves the study of
a. physiologic interactions of drugs.
b. distribution rates among various body compartments.
c.interactions between various drugs. d. adverse reactions to medications.: b.distribution rates among various body compartments.
20 / 21 Pharmacokinetics involves the study of how the drug moves through the body, including absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion.
100. Highly protein-bound drugs
a. increase the risk of drug-drug interactions.
b. typically provide a short duration of action.
c.must be administered with 8 ounces of water. d. have a decreased effect in patients with a low albumin level.: a. increase the risk of drug-drug interactions. When administering two medications that are highly protein bound, the medications can compete for binding sites on plasma proteins. This competition results in either less of both or less of one of the drugs binding to the proteins, thus increasing the risk of toxicity.
101. The nurse is preparing to administer an injection of morphine to a patient.
Assessment notes a respiratory rate of 10 breaths/min. Which action will the nurse perform? a.Administer a smaller dose and record the findings. b.Notify the physician and delay drug administration. c.Administer the prescribed dose and notify the physician. d.Hold the drug, record the assessment, and recheck in 1 hour.: b.Notify the physician and delay drug administration.
