PHASES
OF
MATTER
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Understanding the Phases of Matter: Solid, Liquid, Gas, Plasma, and Phase Changes, Schemes and Mind Maps of Chemistry
A comprehensive overview of the five states of matter - solid, liquid, gas, plasma, and the phase changes between them. It explains the characteristics of each state, the energy involved in phase changes, and common phase changes such as melting, freezing, vaporization, condensation, sublimation, and deposition. The document also discusses the boiling point of water, evaporation, vapor pressure, and the effects of atmospheric pressure on boiling points.
Typology: Schemes and Mind Maps
2023/2024
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PHASES
OF
MATTER
SOLID
Solids have a definite shape and
volume
usually organized, crystalline solid
Softer solids will have no pattern,
amorphous solid.
packed tightly together
Vibrate in place
GAS
No definite volume or shape.
Gasses spread out to fill the entire space
given.
Can be squeezed together
Particles are very far apart and move freely
Collide frequently
Have LOTS of energy
PLASMA
- Plasma is a lot like a gas, but
the particles are electrically
charged.
- Have indefinite shape and
volume.
- EXTREMELY energetic
- Lightning is a plasma.
PHASE CHANGE
PHASE CHANGE
- A change from one state of
matter to another
- Phase changes are physical
changes because they do not
affect the chemical make up of
a substance.
C. Energy and Phase Change
1.) Energy is either absorbed or
released during a phase change
2.) During an endothermic change, the
system absorbs energy from its
surroundings
3.) Melting, vaporization, and
sublimation are all examples of
endothermic changes
4.) The heat of fusion is the amount of
energy a substance must absorb in
SOLID TO
LIQUID
- MELTING
Molecules speed
up, move farther
apart, and absorb
heat energy
LIQUID TO GAS
A. Vaporization is the phase change
in which a substance changes from a
liquid into a gas.
B. A substance must absorb energy in
order to change from a liquid to a
gas.
C. The heat of vaporization for water
BOILING WATER AND EVAPORATION IN HOT SPRING
F. Boiling
- When vapor pressure becomes equal to
atmospheric pressure, water boils.
- The temperature at which this happens is
the boiling point of water.
- As temperature increases, water
molecules move faster and faster.
- When the temperature reaches 100°C,
some molecules below the surface have
enough kinetic energy to overcome the
attraction of neighboring molecules.