States of Matter: Phase Changes and Their Properties, Exams of Solid State Physics

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Phase Changes

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What are the names for the phases that matter goes through when changing from solid to liquid to gas, and then back again?

Solids

A solid is an ordered arrangement of particles that have very little movement. The particles vibrate back and forth but remain closely attracted to each other.

Liquids

A liquid is an arrangement of less ordered particles that have gained energy and can move about more freely. Their attraction is less than a solid.

Gases

By adding energy, solids can change from an ordered arrangement to a less ordered arrangement (liquid), and finally to a very random arrangement of the particles (the gas phase).

Each phase change has a specific name, based on what is happening to the particles of matter.

Condensation and Vaporization

The less ordered gas molecules loose energy, slow down, and become more ordered. The more ordered liquid molecules gain energy, speed up, and become less ordered. Evaporation only occurs at the surface of a liquid. Boiling occurs throughout the liquid.

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Sublimation and Deposition

The more ordered solid gains energy, the molecules speed up and become less ordered gas. Liquid phase is bypassed. The less ordered gas looses energy, molecules slow down, and become a solid (frost). Liquid phase is bypassed

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