Phase Changes in Matter: A Comprehensive Guide, Schemes and Mind Maps of Solid State Physics

Could see bubbles (gas), A solid or liquid could settle out. 2. Heat is produced or removed. • The temperature will increase or decrease. 3.

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November 08, 2015
PHASE CHANGES
A phase change is a physical change.
A physical change is one in which the
physical properties of a substance are altered
but the substance remains the same kind of
matter. Phase changes in matter are melting,
freezing, vaporization, condensation, and
sublimation. (evaporation)
Indications of a chemical change are:
1. A precipitate is formed.
A
NEW
solid, liquid or gas will be produced that was not there
before. This is not a phase change. Could see bubbles (gas), A
solid or liquid could settle out.
2. Heat is produced or removed.
The temperature will increase or decrease
3. Color change.
An
UNEXPECTED change in color or the substance.
4. Light is produced.
Item glows or is giving off light.
The appearance of only one of the items may or may not indicate
a chemical change. Usually you would observe more than one to
be sure a chemical change has taken place.
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PHASE CHANGES

A phase change is a physical change.

A physical change is one in which the

physical properties of a substance are altered

but the substance remains the same kind of

matter. Phase changes in matter are melting,

freezing, vaporization, condensation, and

sublimation. (evaporation)

Indications of a chemical change are:

  1. A precipitate is formed.
  • A NEW solid, liquid or gas will be produced that was not there before. This is not a phase change. Could see bubbles (gas), A solid or liquid could settle out.
  1. Heat is produced or removed.
  • The temperature will increase or decrease
  1. Color change.
  • An UNEXPECTED change in color or the substance.
  1. Light is produced.
  • Item glows or is giving off light. The appearance of only one of the items may or may not indicate a chemical change. Usually you would observe more than one to be sure a chemical change has taken place.

Solid: Can change to a liquid when absorbs heat (energy). This is called melting. Melting point is the temperature at which a solid becomes a liquid. (Exception) Can change directly to a gas without ever becoming a liquid. This is called sublimation. ____________ & _____________ & ____________will sublime. Cannot change phase if heat (energy) is released. (If made colder) Liquid: Can change to solid if heat is released. This is called freezing. The freezing point is the temperature at which a liquid becomes a solid. Can change to gas if heat is absorbed. This is called vaporization (boiling). The vaporization point is the temperature at which a liquid becomes a gas. Evaporation- change of liquid to gas but requires no additional heat. Can occur at any temperature

Pressure:

  1. Since gases have indefinite volume, ( can change its volume) an increase in pressure can squeeze the particles closer together taking up less space and decrease its volume without changing phase.
  2. If the pressure continues to increase this can force the particles of a substance close enough to cause a phase change from a gas, to a liquid, then to a solid. NO CHANGE IN TEMPERATURE is needed.
  1. Since gases have indefinite volume ( can change its volume) a decrease in pressure can allow the particles to spread out taking up more space and increase its volume without changing phase.
  2. A decrease in Pressure can allow the particles of a substance to spread out and get farther apart and cause a phase change from a solid, to a liquid, to a gas. NO CHANGE IN TEMPERATURE is needed to change phase. Pressure is the measurement of force per area. So in order to calculate pressure, measure the force and divide by the area of the object. Force can be measured in Newtons. So pressure could be measured in Newtons/cm^2. (Other examples are PSI. Pound per square inch. ) Pressure can be also be measured in millimeters of mercury (mm Hg) Pressure can also be measured in Pascals or Atmospheres (ATM) 1 atm = 760 mm Hg (in Hg, millibars, pascals)

The owner of Virgin Atlantic Airways would

like to try to cross the Atlantic Ocean in a hot

air balloon. As the balloon rises in the

atmosphere the pressure is decreasing.

Describe what effect this will have on the

volume of the balloon assuming the

temperature does not change.

Do Now:

30. 0 L of a gas was heated from

STP to 373 K. What is the new

volume of the gas if the pressure

was held constant?

Pressure (mm Hg) V o lu m e ( L ) 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 T e m p e ra tu re ( K ) Volume (L) 80 16 0 24 0 32 0 40 0 48 0 56 0 64 0 72 0 80 0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300