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PHYSICAL SECURITY-- (SPED), Physical Security Certification (PSC), DCSA SPeD: Physical Security Certification (PSC) Exam Q&A 2026!! Before you can conduct a risk analysis based on the impact and likelihood of an unwanted event happening, what steps in the risk management process must you take first? Identify (3) - ANSWER Identify assets Identify threats Identify vulnerabilities Which policy should you consult to find the physical security requirements of protecting classified information? - ANSWER DoDM 5200.01, Volumes 1- DoD Information Security Program Which policy authorizes commanders to issue regulations for the protection or security of property and places under their command? - ANSWER DoDI 5200.08, Security of DoD Installations and Resources and the DoD Physical Security Review Board (PSRB) Which of the following individuals should be included in a Threat Working Group? - ANSWER Chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear and high yield explosive representative, Information operations representative, Operations security officer, Law enforcement, Counterintelligence, Antiterrorism Officer Which of these can be made of solid steel to make them more attack resistant? - ANSWER Doors Which of these house ventilation systems that should be secured with steel bars? - ANSWER Roofs Which of these should be covered with a protective film to make them less dangerous in an attack? - ANSWER Windows Which of the following locks are approved to secure classified information or material? - ANSWER Kaba Mas X-10, S&G 8077/AD At a minimum _________ should include special and general guard orders, access and material control, protective barriers, lighting systems, locks, and Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS). - ANSWER Physical Security Plans Assets fall into 5 categories, name all 5 of them. - ANSWER 1. People
- Information
- Equipment
- Facilities and
- Activities and Operations Who provides construction and security requirements for SCIFs? - ANSWER Director of National Intelligence (DNI) Who provides accreditation for SCIFs? - ANSWER Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA) They are used by the intelligence community to store classified information. - ANSWER SCIFs are used by the intelligence community to store classified information called Sensitive Compartmented Information (SCI). Warning signs must be posted at each boundary of a restricted area and must be conspicuous to those approaching on foot or by vehicle. T/F - ANSWER True The use of master key systems is acceptable in the storage of AA&E. - ANSWER False. The use of master key systems is not authorized in AA&E storage facilities. The first line of defense in any physical security system is usually some form of? - ANSWER perimeter protection system What kind of fencing is used when a stationary perimeter requires protection? - ANSWER Permanent What kind of fencing can be used as a temporary perimeter to establish psychological barriers and to channel pedestrian and vehicle movement. - ANSWER Temporary The basic manual access control system is simply? - ANSWER personal recognition. Although there are many different types of locks, they all share three components. - ANSWER Locking device Switching device Operating mechanism Some key-operated locks are built into the door or container they are securing. These are also known as - ANSWER Mortise locks, because their case is recessed, or mortised into a door or container.
Equipment Installations Information What are considered access control measures? (3) - ANSWER Identification Cards Security Guards Locks and Keys List the nine capabilities a security system must provide to achieve Security- in-Depth? - ANSWER Deter Detect Identify Track Assess Record Communicate Delay Respond Describe the elements of a restricted area? - ANSWER An area (land, sea, or air) in which there are special restrictive measures employed to prevent or minimize incursions and/or interference, or where special security measures are employed to prevent unauthorized entry. Restricted areas must be authorized by the installation/activity commander/director, properly posted, and employ physical security measures. List three policies or regulations that govern the DoD physical security program? - ANSWER DoD 5200.08-Regulation Physical Security Program DoD Manual 5100.76 Physical Security of Sensitive Conventional Arms, Ammunition, and Explosives (AA&E)
DoD Manual 5105.21 Sensitive Compartmented Information (SCI) Administrative Security Manual: Administration of Physical Security, Visitor Control, and Technical Security Describe the purpose of the 5200.08-R (Physical Security Program)? - ANSWER The regulation implements DoD policies and provides minimum standards for the physical protection of DoD personnel, installations, operations, and related resources. Define Security-in-Depth? - ANSWER A determination by the senior agency official that a facility's security program consists of layered and complimentary security controls sufficient to deter, detect, and document unauthorized entry and movement within the facility. List examples of Security-in-Depth? (5) - ANSWER Perimeter fence Employee/visitor access control Intrusion detection system Random guard patrols Closed circuit video monitoring List examples of physical security threats? (8) - ANSWER Foreign intelligence services Foreign military and paramilitary forces Terrorists Saboteurs Criminals Protest groups Disaffected persons Natural disasters What are some of the considerations a physical security professional should take into account for controlling access? (7) - ANSWER Escort qualifications, responsibilities, and authorizations Sponsorship qualifications, responsibilities, and
Operational readiness Value Classification Replacement costs Who must approve all Intrusion Detection Equipment (IDE) installed on Open Storage Areas? - ANSWER DoD Components approve Underwriters Laboratories' listed equipment. What reference governs the Certification and Accreditation (C&A) for storage of DoD collateral Classified Information Systems? - ANSWER DODM 5200.01, DoD Information Security Program, Volume 3, Protection of Classified Information. To whom should incidents involving stolen, lost, or recovered Arms, Ammunition, and Explosives (AA&E), which cause significant news coverage or have the potential to cause such coverage, be reported? - ANSWER The Office of the Under Secretary of Defense for Intelligence. Who is responsible for issuing instructions governing the security of weapons systems within their inventory? - ANSWER Each DoD Component head. What are the four considerations/risk factors used for determining the security risk category (SRC) of sensitive conventional AA&E? - ANSWER Utility Casualty or damage risk Adaptability risk Portability risk What is the purpose of intrusion detection systems? - ANSWER To detect unauthorized penetration into a secured area. Describe the four types of lighting systems used for security lighting? - ANSWER Continuous lighting: A series of fixed lights arranged to continuously illuminate a given area. Standby lighting: Luminaires are either automatically or manually turned on at times when suspicious activity is detected by security personnel or an
intrusion detection system. A standby system creates the impression of activity and may offer a deterrent value while also conserving energy. Emergency lighting: Emergency lighting is used during a power failure or when regular lighting is not available for any reason. This type of lighting depends on alternative power sources such as batteries or generators. Moveable lighting: Manually-operated searchlights that may be lighted during hours of darkness or as needed, and is normally used to supplement continuous or standby lighting. What is the reference that provides minimum construction requirements for fencing? - ANSWER UFC 4-022-03, Security Fences and Gates List the types of buildings that are exempt from certain DoD antiterrorism site design standards? (14) - ANSWER Low occupancy buildings Low occupancy family housing Fisher houses Town centers Enhanced use leases Transitional structures and spaces Temporary and re-locatable buildings Construction administration structures Recruiting stations in leased spaces Stand-alone gas stations and car care centers Military protective construction (designed to NATO or equivalent standards) Stand-alone franchised fast food operations Stand-alone shoppettes, minimarts, and similarly-sized commissaries Small stand-alone commercial, bank, and pharmacy facilities Name 9 types of authorized locking devices used within the Department of Defense? - ANSWER Cylindrical locksets Dead-bolt locksets Drop-bolt locks
Excavations and ditches Guardrails Heavy equipment tires Tire shredders Steel cable barriers Steel cable-reinforced chain link fencing Reinforced concrete knee walls What is the purpose of deploying glare projection? - ANSWER Makes it difficult for potential intruders to see inside the area being protected. Define the two main types of electromechanical locks according to Federal Specification FF-L-2740B? - ANSWER Basic Self-Contained: Does not have external power source, external data transfer port, or ability to transfer data Interoperable/Networked: Power source may be contained within and integral to lock assembly; power source may be replaceable; external data transfers shall meet FIPS standards; data transfers may be used to monitor authorized/unauthorized openings, personnel access, combination verification, and combination changes. The DoD Antiterrorism Standards are applicable to which types of buildings? (12) - ANSWER New construction Existing buildings Major investments Change of occupancy level Window replacement Roadway improvement projects Building additions Leased buildings Partial occupancy National Guard buildings Visitor centers and museums
Expeditionary structures What are the four basic functional elements that must operate in an integrated and timely manner to achieve an overall effective security system that defeats design threats? - ANSWER Intrusion detection and access control sensors and/or guards Threat assessment from guards and/or CCTV Appropriately designed and located barriers Responding guards What are some of the considerations for selecting and implementing a particular intrusion detection system? (4) - ANSWER Completeness of coverage False and nuisance response rates Probability of detection Zone at which the alarm occurred List two reasons for which physical security programs should be tailored to local conditions? - ANSWER In overseas areas, COCOMS may deviate from DoD policy where required by treaties, agreements, and arrangements with foreign governments and allied forces. Threats, vulnerabilities, and critical assets may vary. Before loss of Arms, Ammunition, and Explosives (AA&E) can be attributed to any inventory or accountability discrepancy, one must first determine the loss was not a result of what three factors? - ANSWER Theft Abandonment Misappropriation Define the term "risk" within the context of risks, threats, and vulnerabilities?
- ANSWER A measure of consequence of peril, hazard, or loss, which is incurred from a capable aggressor or the environment.
The protection of DoD assets is accomplished through? - ANSWER The application of active and passive complimentary physical security measures. Define Security in Depth? - ANSWER Integrating and using (layers) active and passive complimentary physical security measures together. Explain Security in Depth - ANSWER Facility planning Use of barriers, fencing, signs, site lighting, and advanced technologies such as intrusion detection systems, closed circuit television (CCTV) and biometric entry control systems. When should Point Security be used? - ANSWER When an individual resource requires individual protection. When should Area Security be used? - ANSWER To protect consolidated resources, such as an installation or facility. What is Enclaving? - ANSWER Designating islands of extreme or high security within a sea of moderate security. Barbed wire and concertina wire may serve as a protective barrier by simply uncoiling it and laying it on the ground? T/F - ANSWER True Jersey barriers may be placed around buildings to prevent vehicles from getting too close to the buildings? T/F - ANSWER True Rapidly flowing rivers are considered active barriers? T/F - ANSWER False Which protective barrier would most likely be utilized for its decorative appeal? - ANSWER Concrete planter can serve as a protective barrier by preventing vehicle access. To be effective, clear zones should be free of which of the following? - ANSWER Must be free of visual obstructions such as bushes. What is Glare Projection? - ANSWER This method is intended to make the inside of a protected area difficult to see from outside the protected area. What is Controlled Lighting? - ANSWER This method is intended to limit the width of the lighted strip outside the perimeter of a protected area so as not to interfere with adjoining property, nearby highways, railroads, navigable waters, or airports. What is Surface Lighting? - ANSWER This method is intended to display a silhouette of any person passing between the light source and the building or to show the contrast of a person inside the building.
When planning protective site lighting, you should ensure that controls and switches are installed inside the protected area and locked or guarded or inside a central station such as an alarm monitoring station? T/F - ANSWER True Flashlights are a reliable form of continuous lighting? T/F - ANSWER False Emergency lighting depends upon the power supply of the utility company? T/F - ANSWER False Standby lighting is the type of lighting used when the primary power source fails? T/F - ANSWER False Government security forces may be either military or civilian? T/F - ANSWER True Contract security forces may be either military or civilian? T/F - ANSWER True Military working dogs can seek, detect, defend their handlers, and guard suspects? T/F - ANSWER True Which statement best describes the mission of security forces? - ANSWER The mission of all government security forces, civilian or military, contract forces, and military working dogs is to protect DoD assets. What responds to a physical stimulus? - ANSWER Sensor/detector Receives change of state and transmits alarm? - ANSWER Premise Control Unit (PCU) Central point for collecting alarm status? - ANSWER Monitoring station What assures communications between the alarmed area and the monitoring station? - ANSWER Transmission Line Security CCTV camera may capture activity missed by security force personnel? T/F - ANSWER True CCTV can act as an intrusion detection system (IDS) when combined with video motion detection? T/F - ANSWER True An advantage of CCTV is that environmental factors do not affect its performance? T/F - ANSWER False Which of the following are access control systems? (4) - ANSWER Card Swipe System Badge Exchange Program
Who analyzes threats to assets and their vulnerabilities? - ANSWER OPSEC Officer Who must be included in the intelligence gathering process so that they can be part of coordinating emergency responses and criminal incidents on a Federal installation? - ANSWER Law Enforcement Who is charged with the management, implementation, and direction of all physical security programs? - ANSWER Physical Security Officer/Provost Marshal Who is responsible for the safety of people and property under their command? - ANSWER Installation Commander/Facility Director Who is responsible for mitigating risks against Defense Critical Infrastructure assets that support the mission of an installation or facility? - ANSWER DCIP Officer Fencing has which of the following features for DoD compliance? - ANSWER The steel mesh wire on a chain link fence should not be greater than 2 inches in diameter to be in compliance with DoD specifications. Which consideration do you think was more important when selecting this type of fence for this installation-cost or appearance? - ANSWER Cost Lighting which is continuously lit during hours of darkness? - ANSWER Continuous Lighting Lighting illuminated manually or automatically when suspicious activity is detected or suspected by the security force, alarm system, or motion detector? - ANSWER Stand-by Lighting Back-up lighting used during power failures or other emergencies when normal systems are inoperative? - ANSWER Emergency Lighting What is the primary purpose of continuous lighting? - ANSWER To deter intruders What type of barrier is a concrete Jersey barrier? - ANSWER Passive What is the primary purpose of a concrete Jersey barrier? - ANSWER To help prevent unauthorized vehicle entry. What type of barrier is an automated barrier? - ANSWER Active What is the primary purpose of an Active barrier? - ANSWER To stop vehicles for guard authorization
A camera on the guard house is part of what type of physical security measure? - ANSWER Closed Circuit Television (CCTV) What is the primary purpose of the CCTV physical security measure? - ANSWER Documents authorized and unauthorized entry into a controlled area. What type of ID would you most likely be required to show a guard at a DoD Military Access Control Point? - ANSWER Your Common Access Card (CAC) What is manual access control? - ANSWER A guard asking for the proper identification for entry Emergency lighting depends upon the power supply of the utility company? T/F - ANSWER False Standby lighting is the type of lighting used when the primary power source fails? T/F - ANSWER False Certain types of lighting can incapacitate an intruder? T/F - ANSWER True Controlled lighting is used to illuminate the perimeter of a facility? T/F - ANSWER True Often used as a temporary barrier when rolled out on the ground? - ANSWER Concertina wire Can be used as permanent standalone fencing but is more often used as an outrigger on the top of the chain link fencing? - ANSWER Barbed wire It's more difficult for intruders to scale? - ANSWER Metal ornamental high security fencing Is a common type of perimeter fencing for DoD facilities? - ANSWER Chain link fencing Securing man-passable openings is one of the most overlooked physical security protective measures? T/F - ANSWER True Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) prevent unauthorized entry? T/F - ANSWER False Cost and risk must always be considered when planning which physical security measures to use in a facility or installation? T/F - ANSWER True Access control systems help to prevent unauthorized entry? T/F - ANSWER True
Actions taken to prevent or mitigate hostile actions against DoD assets such as DoD personnel, family members, resources, facilities, and critical information? - ANSWER Force Protection Internal reviews conducted by members of the organization to aid internal control and ensure cost-effective security program? - ANSWER Management/Self-Inspections Formal reviews conducted by senior officials in the chain-of-command? - ANSWER Compliance Inspections Validate baseline security posture when personnel assume security responsibilities or as a prelude to a formal inspection? - ANSWER Staff Assist Visits Can be self-initiated or directed by higher authorities to determine the physical security posture of an installation or facility? - ANSWER Surveys Most common and informal oversight tool; immediate action taken to correct deficiencies? - ANSWER Day-to-day Observations Which of the following are true of master key systems? - ANSWER The great grand master key opens all of the locks in the system. They are convenient for managers, but because of their inherent security risks, their use is discouraged. Switching device: authorizes the operating mechanism to open the lock? - ANSWER Combination Operating mechanism: interacts with the switching device to allow or deny entry? - ANSWER Cylinder Locking device: physically secures area or container? - ANSWER Latch You need to decide what type of locking system to use for a storage closet. The closet does not hold classified or sensitive information, but you want to deter entry. Which type of key-operated lock should you use? - ANSWER A built-in Lock You are making a decision about the locking system to be used in an area that stores bulk Confidential or Secret material. Which type of key-operated lock should you use? - ANSWER A padlock The area you are securing contains conventional arms, ammunition, and explosives (AA&E). Which type of key-operated lock should you use? - ANSWER Medium security padlock
You have chosen locking systems for several areas in your facility. Which of the following guidelines should you now follow when considering key control?
- ANSWER Protect keys and locks at the same level as classified information they are safeguarding. Maintain a key and lock register. Replace keys and locks if they are lost or compromised. Do not remove keys from certain premises. Do not create master keys. Appoint a key and lock custodian to ensure proper custody and handling of locks and keys. Inventory keys at each change of custody. You need to review the requirements that electromechanical locks meet. Which of the following specifications should you reference? - ANSWER Federal Specification FF-L- You need to secure classified information. Which of these locks could you use? - ANSWER X-09 electromechanical lock La Gard 3330 mechanical lock S&G 8077 padlock You are selecting combination locks for your facility and must consider the requirements and features of various combination locks. Which locks are currently being produced? use? - ANSWER X-09 electromechanical lock You need to open a security container that has an X-09 electromechanical lock. The combination is 27-4-39. What should you do first? - ANSWER Turn the dial left 4 to 6 turns. You need to open a security container that has an X-09 electromechanical lock. The combination is 27-4-39. Now that the lock is powered and numbers appear on the LCD, what should you do? - ANSWER Dial left to the number
You need to open a security container that has an X-09 electromechanical lock. The combination is 27-4-39. You have dialed left and the number 27 now appears on the LCD. What should you do next? - ANSWER Dial right to the number 4. You need to open a security container that has an X-09 electromechanical lock. The combination is 27-4-39. You have dialed right to the second number, 4. The number 4 now appears on the LCD. What should you do next? - ANSWER Dial left to the number 39. You need to open a security container that has an X-09 electromechanical lock. The combination is 27-4-39. You have dialed left to the third number,
