Physics Exercise 2022 class, Exercises of Physics

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6. use the knowledge of physics to promote care for the environment, indigenous knowledge, social values and ethics 3. Grade wise learning Outcomes Grade 11 Grade 12 **Content Area: Mechanics
7. Physical Quantities** 1.1 Demonstrate the meaning, importance and applications of precision in the measurements 1.2 Understand the meaning and importance of significant figures in measurements 1.3 Explain the meaning of dimensions of a physical quantity 1.4 Workout the dimensions of derived physical quantities applicable to this syllabus 1.5 Apply dimensional analysis method to check the homogeneity of physical equations 1. Rotational dynamics 1.1 Recall equations of angular motion and compare them with equations of linear motion 1.2 Derive the expression for rotational kinetic energy 1.3 Describe the term moment of inertia and radius of gyration 1.4 Find the moment of inertia of thin uniform rod rotating about its center and its one end 1.5 Establish the relation between torque and angular acceleration of a rigid body 1.6 Describe the work and power in rotational motion with expression 1.7 Define angular momentum and prove the principle of conservation of angular momentum 1.8 Solve numerical problems and conceptual questions regarding the rotational dynamics 2. Vectors 2.1 Distinguish between scalar and vector quantities 2.2 Add or subtract coplanar vectors by drawing scale diagram (vector triangle, parallelogram or polygon method) 2.3 Understand the meaning and importance of unit vectors 2.4 Represent a vector as two perpendicular components 2.5 Resolve co-planer vectors using component method 2. Periodic motion 2.1 Define simple harmonic motion and state its equation. 2.2 Derive the expressions for energy in simple harmonic motion 2.3 Derive the expression for period for vertical oscillation of a mass suspended from coiled spring 2.4 Describe angular simple harmonic motion and find its period 2.5 Derive expression for period of simple pendulum

2.6 Describe scalar and vector products 2.7 Understand the meaning and applications of scalar and vector product with examples 2.8 Solve related problems. 2.6 Explain the damped oscillation 2.7 Describe forced oscillation and resonance with suitable examples 2.8 Solve the numerical problems and conceptual questions regarding the periodic motion

3. Kinematics 3.1 Define displacement, instantaneous velocity and acceleration with relevant examples 3.2 Explain and use the concept of relative velocity 3.3 Draw displacement-time and velocity-time graph to represent motion, and determine velocity from the gradient of displacement-time graph, acceleration from the gradient of velocity-time graph and displacement from the area under a velocity-time graph 3.4 Establish equations for a uniformly accelerated motion in a straight line from graphical representation of such motion and use them to solve related numerical problems 3.5 Write the equations of motion under the action of gravity and solve numerical problem related to it 3.6 Understand projectile motion as motion due to a uniform velocity in one direction and a uniform acceleration in a perpendicular direction, derive the equations for various physical quantities (maximum height, time of flight, time taken to reach maximum height, horizontal range, resultant velocity) and use them to solve mathematical problems related to projectile motion 3. Fluid statics 3.1 State and explain Archimedes principle and Pascal’s law 3.2 Define up-thrust, pressure in fluid, buoyancy, center of buoyancy and meta center 3.3 State and use the law of floatation, 3.4 Describe surface tension and explain its principle 3.5 Establish the relation between surface energy and surface tension 3.6 Define angle of contact and capillarity with examples 3.7 State the Newton’s Formula for viscosity of a liquid and define coefficient of viscosity 3.8 Differentiate between laminar and turbulent flow & describe Reynolds number 3.9 Recall and use the Poiseuille’s formula 3.10 State Stoke’s law and use it to determine the coefficient of viscosity of given liquid 3.11 Explain equation of continuity and its application 3.12 Recall the Bernoulli’s equation and explain its uses 3.13 Solve the numerical problems and conceptual questions regarding the fluid statics 4. Dynamics: 4.1 Define linear momentum, impulse, and establish the relation between them

6.4 Derive the expression for centripetal acceleration and use it to solve problems related to centripetal force 6.5 Describe the motion in vertical circle, motion of vehicles on banked surface 6.6 Derive the period for conical pendulum 6.7 Solve the numerical problem and conceptual question on circular motion

7. Gravitation 7.1 Explain Newton’s law of gravitation 7.2 Define gravitational field strength 7.3 Define and derive formula of gravitational potential and gravitational potential energy 7.4 Describe the variation in value of ‘g’ due to altitude and depth 7.5 Define center of mass and center of gravity 7.6 Derive the formula for orbital velocity and time period of satellite 7.7 Define escape velocity and derive the expression of escape velocity 7.8 Find the potential and kinetic energy of the satellite 7.9 Define geostationary satellite and state the necessary conditions for it 7.10 Describe briefly the working principle of Global Position - System (GPS) 7.11 Solve the numerical problems and conceptual questions regarding related to the gravitation

8. Elasticity 8.1 State and explain Hooke’s law 8.2 Define the terms stress, strain, elasticity and plasticity 8.3 Define the types of elastic modulus such as young modulus, bulk modulus and shear modulus 8.4 Define Poisson’s ratio 8.5 Derive the expression for energy stored in

a stretched wire 8.6 Solve the numerical problems and conceptual questions regarding elasticity Content Area: Heat and thermodynamics

9. Heat and temperature 9.1 Explain the molecular concept of thermal energy, heat and temperature, and cause and direction of heat flow 9.2 Explain the meaning of thermal equilibrium and Zeroth law of thermodynamics. 9.3 Explain thermal equilibrium as a working principle of mercury thermometer. 4. First Law of Thermodynamics 4.1 Clarify the concept of thermodynamic system. 4.2 Explain the meaning of work done by the system and work done on the system, and describe how work done by gas during expansion can be calculated from indicator (P – V) diagram. 4.3 Explain the concept of latent heat and internal energy. 4.4 State and explain first law of thermodynamics - increase of internal energy (dU) = heat into the system (dQ) + work done on the system (PdV) realizing its limitations and necessity of second law of thermodynamics. 4.5 Define and explain two specific heat capacities of gas appreciating the relation Cp – Cv = R and cp – cv = r. 4.6 Explain various thermodynamic process (isothermal, isobaric, isochoric and adiabatic) with good concept of their P – V diagram. 4.7 Derive adiabatic equation PV = constant. 4.8 Derive expression for work done during isothermal and adiabatic process. 4.9 Give concept of reversible and irreversible process with examples. 4.10 Solve mathematical problems related to first law of thermodynamics and thermodynamic process. 10. Thermal Expansion 10.1 Explain some examples and applications of thermal expansion, and 5. Second Law of Thermodynamics 5.1 State and explain second law of thermodynamics (Kelvin’s and

measurement of specific latent heat of fusion and explain briefly the effect of external pressure on boiling and melting point. 11.6 Distinguish evaporation and boiling. 11.7 Define triple point. 11.8 Solve mathematical problems related to heat

12. Rate of heat flow 12.1 Explain the transfer of heat by conduction, convection and radiation with examples and state their applications in daily life. 12.2 Define temperature gradient and relate it with rate of heat transfer along a conductor. 12.3 Define coefficient of thermal conductivity and describe Searl’s method for its determination. 12.4 Relate coefficient of reflection (r), coefficient of transmission (t) and coefficient of absorption (r + a + t = 1). 12.5 Explain ideal radiator (e= 1, a =1) and black body radiation. 12.6 State and explain Stefan’s law of black body radiation using terms; emissive power and emissivity. 12.7 Describe idea to estimate apparent temperature of sun. 12.8 Solve mathematical problems related to thermal conduction and black body radiations.

13. Ideal gas 13.1 Relate pressure coefficient and volume coefficient of gas using Charles’s law and Boyle’s law. 13.2 Define absolute zero temperature with the support of P - V, V- T graph. 13.3 Combine Charles’s law and Boyle’s law to obtain ideal gas equation. 13.4 Explain molecules, inter molecular

forces, moles and Avogadro’s number. 13.5 Explain the assumptions of kinetic – molecular model of an ideal gas. 13.6 Derive expression for pressure exerted by gas due to collisions with wall of the container appreciating the use of Newton’s law of motion. 13.7 Explain the root mean square speed of gas and its relationship with temperature and molecular mass. 13.8 Relate the pressure and kinetic energy. 13.9 Calculate the average translational kinetic energy of gas for 1 molecule and Avogadro’s number of molecules. 13.10 Solve mathematical problems related ideal gas. Content Area : Wave and Optics

14. Reflection at curved mirrors 14.1 State the relation between object distance, image distance and focal length of curved mirrors 14.2 State the relation between object size and image size 14.3 Know the difference between the real and virtual image in geometrical optics 14.4 Calculate the focal length of curved mirrors and its applications 6. Wave motion 6.1 Define and understand progressive wave 6.2 Write progressive wave in mathematical form 6.3 Discuss the condition under which stationary waves can be formed 6.4 Write stationary wave in mathematical form 6.5 Calculate frequency, amplitude, velocity, time period, etc of progressive wave 6.6 Find expression for stationary wave using two progressive waves 15. Refraction at plane surfaces 15.1 Recall the laws of refraction 15.2 Understand the meaning of lateral shift 15.3 Understand the meaning of refractive index of a medium 15.4 Calculate refractive index of a medium using angle of incidence and angle of refraction 7. Mechanical waves 7.1 Calculate Speed of wave motion 7.2 Understand and write expression for the Velocity of sound in solid and liquid 7.3 Describe Velocity of sound in gas 7.4 Describe Laplace correction 7.5 Formulate the effect of temperature, pressure, humidity on velocity of sound

- 11. Interference 11.1 Explain the Phenomenon of Interferences 11.2 Understand the meaning of coherent sources 11.3 Describe Young's double slit experiment and obtain the expression fro nth order maxima - 12. Diffraction 12.1 Describe diffraction at a single slit 12.2 Understand diffraction pattern of image and derive the expression for the position of nth order minima 12.3 Explain diffraction through transmission/diffraction grating and use the formula d sinqn = nl for maxima 12.4 Explain resolving power of optical instruments - 13. Polarization 13.1 Describe phenomenon of polarization 13.2 Explain how polarization of light explains the transverse nature of light 13.3 State and use Brewster’s law 13.4 Show the understanding of construction, working principle and uses of Potentiometer for comparing emfs and measuring internal resistance of cells **Content Area: Electricity and Magnetism

19. Electric charges** 19.1 Understand the concept of electric charge and charge carriers 19.2 Understand the process of charging by friction and use the concept to explain related day to day observations 19.3 Understand that, for any point outside a spherical conductor, the charge on the sphere may be considered to act as a point charge at its centre 14. Electrical circuits: 14.1 Understand Kirchhoff’s law as well as use it to calculate unknown parameters in electrical circuits 14.2 Describe the circuit diagram and working of Wheatstone bridge circuit and understand its importance in real situation 14.3 Describe Meter bridge and understand it

19.4 State Coulomb’s law 19.5 Recall and use 𝐹 = Q𝑞^ for the force 4 𝜋𝗌𝑜𝑟^2 between two point charges in free space or air 19.6 Compute the magnitude and direction of the net force acting at a point due to multiple charges 14.4 Know construction, working and importance of Potentiometer 14.5 Understand the concept of super conductors 14.6 Know the meaning of perfect conductors and distinguish it from superconductor 14.7 Learn the technique to convert galvanometer into voltmeter and ammeter

20. Electric field: 20.1 Describe an electric field as a region in which an electric charge experiences a force 20.2 Define electric field strength as force per unit positive charge acting on a stationary point charge 20.3 Calculate forces on charges in uniform electric fields of known strength 20.4 Use 𝐸 = Q^ strength of a point 4 𝜋𝗌𝑜𝑟^2 charge in free space or air 20.5 Illustrate graphically the changes in electric field strength with respect distance from a point charge 20.6 Represent an electric field by means of field lines 20.7 Describe the effect of a uniform electric field on the motion of charged particles 20.8 Understand the concept of electric flux of a surface 20.9 State Gauss law and apply it for a field of a charged sphere and for line charge 20.10 Understand that uniform field exists between charged parallel plates and sketch the field lines 15. Thermoelectric effects: 15.1 Explain Seebeck effect and its application in Thermocouples 15.2 Show understanding of the construction and working principle of thermocouple as a temperature measuring device 15.3 Explain Peltier effect 15.4 Understand the construction and working of Thermopile 21. Potential, potential difference and potential energy 21.1 Define potential at a point as the work done per unit positive charge in bringing a small test charge from infinity to the point 16. Magnetic field: 16.1 Show understanding of the concept of magnetic field lines and magnetic flux and sketch magnetic field lines around a straight current carrying conductor and long solenoid

22.2 Parallel plate capacitor a. Derive 𝐶 = 𝗌𝑜Æ, using Gauss law and 𝑑 𝐶 = Q^ , for parallel plate capacitor 𝑉 b. Explain the effect on the capacitance of parallel plate capacitor of changing the surface area and separation of the plates c. Explain the effect of a dielectric in a parallel plate capacitor in 22.3 Combination of capacitors a. Derive formula for combined capacitance for capacitors in series combinations b. Solve problems related to capacitors in series combinations c. Derive formula for combined capacitance for capacitors in parallel combinations d. Solve problems related to capacitors in parallel combinations 22.4 Energy stored in a charged capacitor a. Deduce, from the area under the potential-charge graph, the equations 𝐸 = 1 𝑄𝑉and hence 𝐸 = 1 𝐶𝑉^2 for 2 2 the average electrical energy of charged capacitor 22.5 Effect of dielectric b. Show understanding of a dielectric as a material that polarizes when subjected to electric field c. Explain the effect of inserting dielectric between the plates of a parallel plate capacitor on its capacitance

23. DC Circuits 23.1 Electric Currents; Drift velocity and its relation with current a. Understand the concept that potential difference between two points in a 18. Electromagnetic Induction: 18.1 State and show understanding of Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction 18.2 State and show understanding of

conductor makes the charge carriers drift b. Define electric current as the rate of flow of positive charge, Q = It c. Derive, using Q=It and the definition of average drift velocity, the expression I=nAvq where n is the number density of free charge carriers 23.2 Ohm’s law Ohm’s law; Electrical Resistance: resistivity and conductivity a. Define and apply electric resistance as the ratio of potential difference to current b. Define ohm , resistivity and conductivity c. Use R = ρl /A for a conductor d. Explain, using R = ρl /A, how changes in dimensions of a conducting wire works as a variable resistor e. Show an understanding of the structure of strain gauge (pressure sensor) and relate change in pressure to change in in resistance of the gauge f. Show an understanding of change of resistance with light intensity of a light-dependent resistor (the light sensor) g. Show an understanding of change of resistance of n-type thermistor to change in temperature (electronic temperature sensor) 23.3 Current-voltage relations: ohmic and non-ohmic a. Sketch and discuss the I–V characteristics of a metallic conductor at constant temperature, a semiconductor diode and a filament lamp d) state Ohm’s law b. State Ohm’s law and identify ohmic and non-ohmic resistors Lenz’s law 18.3 Discuss construction and working of A.C. generators 18.4 Define eddy currents, explain how they arise and give a few examples where eddy currents are useful and where they are nuisance 18.5 Describe self-inductance and mutual inductance and understand their uses 18.6 State the expression for energy stored in an inductor and use it wherever needed 18.7 Discuss the construction, working principle and importance of transformer 18.8 Discuss the sources of energy loss in practical transformer

19. Alternating Currents: 19.1 Understand peak and rms value of AC current and voltage 19.2 Discuss AC through a resistor, a capacitor and an inductor 19.3 Understand Phasor diagram in RC and RL circuits 19.4 Discuss series circuits containing combination of resistance, capacitance and inductance 19.5 Describe series resonance condition and know its applications 19.6 Understand the meaning of quality factor 19.7 Discuss power in AC circuits and know the term power factor

electric circuit b. Use P=IV c. Derive P=I^2 R for power dissipated in a resistor of resistance R and use the formula for solving the problems of heating effects of electric current Content Area: Modern Physics

24. Nuclear physics 24.1 Explain how nucleus was discovered 24.2 Convey the meaning of mass number, atomic number 24.3 Calculate the expression of nuclear density 24.4 Explain the existence of different isotopes of the same element 24.5 Describe main theme of Einstein’s mass energy relation and state the relation 24.6 Explain the meaning of mass defect and cause of it 24.7 Describe the terms creation and annihilation 24.8 Derive the relation of binding energy and binding energy per unit nucleon of different nuclei 24.9 Plot a graph between BE per nucleon and mass number of different nuclei 24.10 Define nuclear fusion and fission and explain the mechanism of energy release 24.11 Solve numerical problems related to nuclear physics 20. Electrons 20.1 Describe Millikan’s oil drop experiment and explain how it suggests quantization of charge 20.2 Describe the motion of electrons in electric and magnetic fields and derive appropriate mathematical expressions 20.3 Describe J.J Thomson’s experiment with suitable diagrams to explain the discovery of electron and its characters 20.4 Solve numerical problems related to above topics 25. Solids 25.1 Distinguish between energy level and energy band along with the formation of energy band in solids 25.2 Differentiate metals, semiconductors, and conductors on the basis of energy band 25.3 Explain the meaning of intrinsic and 21. Photons 21.1 Describe quantum nature of radiation 21.2 Explain properties of photons 21.3 Describe work function and photoelectric effect 21.4 Derive Einstein’s photoelectric

extrinsic semiconductors with examples 25.4 Explain how p and n type semiconductors are formed 25.5 Interpret unit related conceptual questions clearly equation 21.5 Describe Millikan’s experiment for the verification of Einstein’s photoelectric equation and calculate Planck’s constant 21.6 Solve some related problems

26. Recent Trends in Physics 26.1 Explain elementary particles and antiparticles 26.2 Classify the particles with examples 26.3 Name different quarks with their charges and symbols 26.4 Write quark combination of few mesons and baryons particles 26.5 Describe leptons with examples 26.6 Explain Big Bang and Hubble’s law and justify the expansion of the universe 26.7 Briefly describe dark matter, black hole and gravitational wave 22. Semiconductor devices 22.1 Describe the formation of PN junction and semiconductor diode 22.2 Plot forward and reverse characteristics of semiconductor diode including the concept of Zener diode 22.3 Define rectifier 22.4 Describe full wave rectification using semiconductor diodes 22.5 Define logic gates and explain operation of different logic gates OR, AND, NOT, NAND and NOR gates with their symbol , Boolean algebra and truth table - 23. Quantization of energy 23.1 Write the postulates of Bohr’s model 23.2 Derive the expression of radius of nth orbit, velocity of electron in nth orbit and total energy of electron in nth orbit of H-atom 23.3 Obtain the expression of wavelength of a spectral line 23.4 Obtain mathematical expressions different spectral series of H-atom 23.5 Differentiate excitation and ionization potentials 23.6 Explain emission and absorption spectra 23.7 Describe de Broglie hypothesis 23.8 Define x-rays 23.9 Describe modern Coolidge tube method for the production of x-rays with quality and quantity 23.10 Illustrate different properties of x-rays