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Ray Optics: Principles, Laws, and Derivations in Physics, Exams of Optics

A.T. Still University of Health Sciences (ATSU)Optics

A comprehensive overview of ray optics, covering fundamental concepts, laws, and derivations. It explores reflection, refraction, and their properties, including the laws of reflection, refraction, and snell's law. The document also delves into spherical mirrors, their types, and related formulas, including the spherical mirror formula and linear magnification. It further examines refraction through rectangular glass slabs, lateral displacement, real and apparent depth, and apparent normal shift, providing derivations for each concept. Valuable for students seeking a thorough understanding of ray optics and its applications.

Typology: Exams

2024/2025

Available from 02/11/2025

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PHYSICS: Ray Optics

Optics definition -

✅ The branch of physics which deals with properties of light.

Reflection -

✅ Phenomenon by virtue of which a light beam after interacting with a surface

separating the two different media bounce back into the same medium.

Laws of Refraction -

✅ 1) The angle of incidence is equal to angle of reflection.

✅2) The incident ray, the reflected ray and the normal lie on the same plane.

Properties of Plane Mirror -

✅ 1) Plane mirror gives a virtual image

✅2) Laterally inverted image

✅3) The minimum size of mirror must be half the size of the object to get the

full image of the object in the mirror.

✅4) The image distance equals to the object distance.

✅5) If v=speed of object towards the mirror then 2v is the speed of the image

towards the object.

✅6) Number of images- (360/n) -1 (if even)

360/n (if odd)

How to find number of images? Equation. -

✅ Number of images- (360/n) -1 (if even)

360/n (if odd)

What is concave mirror? -

✅ In which the inner surface toward the center of curvature is reflecting

surface.

Discover Exams of Optics A.T. Still University of Health Sciences (ATSU)

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PHYSICS: Ray Optics

Optics definition - ✅ The branch of physics which deals with properties of light. Reflection - ✅ Phenomenon by virtue of which a light beam after interacting with a surface separating the two different media bounce back into the same medium. Laws of Refraction - ✅ 1) The angle of incidence is equal to angle of reflection. ✅2) The incident ray, the reflected ray and the normal lie on the same plane. Properties of Plane Mirror - ✅ 1) Plane mirror gives a virtual image ✅2) Laterally inverted image ✅3) The minimum size of mirror must be half the size of the object to get the full image of the object in the mirror. ✅4) The image distance equals to the object distance. ✅5) If v=speed of object towards the mirror then 2v is the speed of the image towards the object. ✅6) Number of images- (360/n) -1 (if even) 360/n (if odd) How to find number of images? Equation. - ✅ Number of images- (360/n) -1 (if even) 360/n (if odd) What is concave mirror? - ✅ In which the inner surface toward the center of curvature is reflecting surface.

What is convex mirror? - ✅ In which outer surface is away from the center of curvature is reflecting surface. What is pole? - ✅ Pole of a spherical mirror is the central point of reflecting surface. Center of curvature? - ✅ Center of the sphere of which mirror is a part. Radius of curvature? - ✅ Radius of the sphere of which mirror is a part. Aperture? - ✅ The diameter of the spherical mirror Principle Focus? - ✅ Point on the principle axis of which parallel beam incident on the mirror is either converged or appears to be converged. Focal length? - ✅ The distance between its principle focuses and pole Relation between focal length and radius of curvature. - ✅ f=R/ Spherical Mirror Formula - ✅ 1/f = 1/u + 1/v what is linear magnification? - ✅ The ratio of size of image to size of object. m= I/O = -v/u

Absolute Refractive Index - ✅ The ratio of velocity of light in air or vacuum to velocity of light in medium. μ = C/V NOTE: Absolute refractive index will never be less than 1. Reversibility: The principle of reversibility of light states that - ✅ "If light after suffering any number of reflections or refractions has its final path reversed, it travels back along the same path in the opposite direction." Principle of reversibility equation - ✅ 1 μ2 = 1/2μ 1 DO THE DERIVATION OF - ✅ RELATION BETWEEN FOCAL LENGTH AND RADIUS OF CURVATURE. DO THE DERIVATION OF - ✅ SPHERICAL MIRROR FORMULA DO THE DERIVATION OF - ✅ LINEAR MAGNIFICATION DO THE DERIVATION OF - ✅ REVERSIBILITY DO THE DERIVATION OF - ✅ REFRACTION THROUGH RECTANGULAR GLASS SLAB. (PROVE THAT THEY ARE PARALLEL) DO THE DERIVATION OF - ✅ EXPRESSION OF LATERAL DISPLACEMENT What is lateral displacement? -

✅ The perpendicular distance between incident ray and emergent ray. DO THE DERIVATION OF - ✅ REAL AND APPARENT DEPTH DO THE DERIVATION OF - ✅ APPARENT NORMAL SHIFT What is apparent normal shift? - ✅ The height to which an object appears to be raised in a denser medium when viewed vertically above from a rarer medium. Apparent normal shift equation - ✅ d=t(1-1/μ)

Ray Optics: Principles, Laws, and Derivations in Physics, Exams of Optics

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PHYSICS: Ray Optics