POETRY REVISION, Exercises of Poetry

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Unseen Poetry Booklet

GCSE Literature Exam

POETRY REVISION

SECTION B: UNSEEN POETRY

In Section B you will be asked to analyse a poem you have never seen before, spending just 30 minutes planning and writing your answer. This question is worth 24 marks. I have created a system for analysing unseen poems which I shall now share with you. However, before I do that, take a look at this unseen poem and the question that follows it. BULLY Your words cut into me, sharp as a knife The pain that you cause always goes unseen I curl up defenceless, scared for my life Why do you always have to be so mean? We met in our tutor group, class 1E At first you barely saw that I was there But soon your attention fell upon me Your words were flying and always unfair After a few years we became good friends Most of the time, you were actually kind But then those moments of friendship would end The good times were gone – all kindness behind But those very good times enriched my life That’s why in the end I took you as my wife (Andrew Smith, 1981-) Question: What is the poet’s attitude to relationships? How is this presented in the poem? There is more than one way to plan to answer this question. Find a way that works for you! Feelings Language Structure

Steps 1-5 should really only take 4 or 5 minutes to complete. Of course, they will take a lot longer whilst you are unpractised, so I have included a number of unseen poems in this booklet for you to practise with.

TOP TIPS FOR THE UNSEEN POETRY QUESTION:

Analyse language, structure and form Write in PETER paragraphs Write about the poet’s themes and the effect on the reader Opening paragraph- ✓ Use the Key words from the question ✓ Use the title of the poem and the poet’s name-Why did the poet choose the title of the poem? ✓ Identify the obvious meaning and attempt to identify a deeper meaning ✓ How does this poem make the reader feel?

Level 4- Grade SAMPLE ANSWER:

The poem ‘Bully’ is a poem about relationships and the poet’s attitude to

relationships. By calling the poem ‘bully’, Andrew Smith is straight away

telling the reader that this is a poem about the negative side of relationships. It is

unclear from the title who the bully is. It is clear that this relationship contains

pain and suffering as well. This pain and suffering is clearly seen throughout

the poem. The effect on the reader is that they may feel confused about these

conflicting emotions, which is probably how Smith himself feels. The obvious

meaning of this poem is that it is about two people who used to not have a good

relationship in school but became friends later and got married. The obvious

meaning is that relationships change. A deeper meaning is that the other person

is still a bully. The deeper meaning is that relationships may look like they

have changed but it may not be different. The poet’s attitude to relationships is

that they are not always straight forward. The word’ cause’ makes me thing

that the abuse is still happening. If it was in the past, Andrew Smith would

have used the word ‘caused’.

Ok, so the part answer above is a good answer. It is structured in PEE paragraph format and comments on the effect on the reader. It analyses language and form, However, it really only focuses on a surface analysis – there is much more that could be said. So, how do you develop that answer into a stronger answer?

Level 6+ grade sample answer:

Andrew Smith’s attitude to relationships is that they are complex and

multifaceted. On the one hand, relationships are loving and romantic. This is

seen through the use of the sonnet form. The poem follows the form of a

Shakespearean sonnet: 14 lines of iambic pentameter, ABAB CDCD EFEF GG

rhyme scheme etc etc. By using the form of a famous type of love poetry, Smith

is showing that the relationship is loving. However, the use of the sonnet form is

more subversive in this poem – it isn’t until the volta at the end where we

actually realise this poem is about a marriage. The effect on the reader of this

sharp twist is that they are surprised to see these seemingly combatant people are

married. Perhaps Smith himself is surprised at how he has fallen into this

marriage. On top of that it is very important to note that the poem is not a

perfect sonnet – the last line ‘That’s why in the end I took you as my wife’

contains 11 syllables where it should only contain 10. This suggests that there

is more lurking under the surface of this seemingly happy marriage – perhaps

it isn’t quite so happy at all, but is a façade, just like the forced and ultimately

inaccurate use of the sonnet form.

The language of the poem certainly does little to suggest the relationship is a

happy one. By calling the poem ‘bully’, it is clear that this relationship contains

pain and suffering as well. This pain and suffering is clearly seen throughout

the poem. In fact, in verse one there is a suggestion that the relationship is still

not happy, seen in the use of the verb ‘cause’. This present tense usage is perhaps

a subtle hint that the ‘bullying’ of their childhood is still taking place in their

modern marriage. In this interpretation it could even be suggested that

childhood bullying is a metaphor for domestic abuse. Smith might be covering

the issue through childish imagery to reflect how he feels immature and childish

to be the victim of domestic abuse and yet also be a man.

You can see that this answer is much more sophisticated than the first. It picks out subtleties and inconsistencies and analyses these persuasively. As with all poetry, you don’t have to have the right answer – any answer is valid if it can be explained.

Let’s now look at how an answer following A HIT POEM could appear. Song of the Old Mother ‘Song of the Old Mother’ by WB Yeats is about an old woman describing the chores that she does every day. In the first two lines the old woman gets out of bed then lights the fire. She cooks and cleans until nightfall. The woman thinks that young people are lazy and have a much easier and carefree life than she does. In the final two lines the woman says that she must work because she is old and at the end of the poem the fire, that took her a lot of effort to light, has gone out again. Written in 1899 and set in rural Ireland the poem reveals what life was like for peasant women in those times. As she is a poor and aging woman, her life is hard and very repetitive. WB Yeats uses this old woman to show what life was like for the poor and elderly in rural Ireland. ‘Song of the Old Mother’ uses imagery very effectively. Words such as ‘kneel’, ‘scrub’ and ‘sweep’ convey the hard physical work that the old woman does every day while ‘the seed of the fire gets feeble and cold’ creates a mood of sadness as, despite all her efforts, the fire goes out. The image of the fire going out could symbolise her life coming to an end as, like the fire, she too is feeble and dying. Contrast is used to reveal the different lifestyles of the old woman and the young people. Images used to describe the young include ‘the young lie long and dream in their bed’ and ‘their day goes over in idleness’ which are very different to the images of drudgery used to describe the old woman’s life. Such imagery has an emotive effect as it is intended to make us feel sympathetic for the woman and angry towards the idle young people. Yeats uses a number of poetic techniques in the poem. The metaphor ‘the seed of the fire flicker and glow’ creates a vivid image of the fire growing from a tiny spark to a full grown fire whilst the repetition of this image in the final line, ‘the seed of the fire gets feeble and cold’ emphasises how repetitive her life is. The metaphor of the fire getting weaker and dying also foreshadows the future for the old woman and creates sympathy for her. Alliteration is used to contrast the hard work of the old woman with life of the young people. In ‘the young lie long’ the repeated ‘l’ sound creates a lazy, languid feel to emphasise the carefree, idle lifestyle of the younger generation. I find the final line of the poem very effective. ‘And the seed of the fire gets feeble and cold’ makes me feel sad as it suggests that the old woman, who has had a life of drudgery and poverty, is nearing the end of her days. The poem uses rhyming couplets and rhythm very cleverly. The rhyming couplets such as ‘blow/glow’ and ‘old/cold’ give the poem a repetitive feel like the woman’s work and the use of a steady rhythm makes the poem read like a song which fits with the title of the poem. ABOUT HISTORICAL CONTEXT IMAGERY TECHNIQUES PERSONAL RESPONSE ORGANISATION

The poem has a sorrowful tone. The list of hard and menial jobs in the third line ‘scrub and bake and sweep’ makes the reader feel sorry for the old woman. The contrast between her day to day struggle and the idle life of the young adds to this gloomy mood and the line ‘I must work because I am old’, which suggests that the woman has no choice but to work until she dies, reinforces the melancholic feeling of the poem. ‘The Song of the Old Mother’ deals with a number of themes. Yeats explores old age and the attitudes of elderly people towards the young. The poem also covers issues such as poverty and life in rural Ireland at the turn of the century. Maybe Yeats was trying to show what life was like for old people who have to do lots of work and perhaps he hopes that the poem will change people’s attitudes towards poor elderly people EMOTION MESSAGE

Seed The first warm day of spring and I step out into the garden from the gloom of a house where hope had died to tally the storm damage, to seek what may have survived. And finding some forgotten lupins I'd sown from seed last autumn holding in their fingers a raindrop each like a peace offering, or a promise, I am suddenly grateful and would offer a prayer if I believed in God. But not believing, I bless the power of seed, its casual, useless persistence, and bless the power of sun, its conspiracy with the underground, and thank my stars the winter's ended. Paula Meehan

1. What in your view is the message in this poem? Explain briefly how the poet conveys this? Make reference to the text in support of your answer. WAITING My love will come will fling open her arms and fold me in them will understand my fears, observe my changes. In from the pouring dark, from the pitch night without stopping to bang the taxi door she.ll run upstairs through the decaying porch burning with love and love.s happiness, she.ll run dripping upstairs, she won.t knock, will take my head in her hands, and when she drops her overcoat on a chair it will slide to the floor in a blue heap. Yevgeny Yevtushenko
2. What are the writers thoughts about love?What techniques does the poet use to show his feelings?

Read the following poem by Pakistani poet, Imtiaz Dharker, in which she celebrates the importance of water to a community, and answer the questions which follow.

Blessing

The skin cracks like a pod. There never is enough water. Imagine the drip of it, the small splash, echo in a tin mug, the voice of a kindly god. Sometimes, the sudden rush of fortune. The municipal pipe bursts, silver crashes to the ground and the flow has found a roar of tongues. From the huts, a congregation: every man woman child for streets around butts in, with pots, brass, copper, aluminium, plastic buckets, frantic hands, and naked children screaming in the liquid sun, their highlights polished to perfection, flashing light, as the blessing sings over their small bones. Imtiaz Dharker

1. From your reading of this poem what do you learn about the people in it and the place where it is set? What techniques does the poet use to convey the atmosphere in the poem. Support your answer with reference to the poem.