POGIL Oxidative Phosphorylation Key Solution, Exams of Nursing

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POGIL Oxidative Phosphorylation Key Solution

Where is the electron transport chain located? - VERIFIED ANSWER within the inner mitochondrial membrane In the electron transport chain, where is the highest concentration of hydrogen ions located? - VERIFIED ANSWER intermembrane space (between inner and outer membranes) How do hydrogen ions reach the intermembrane space? - VERIFIED ANSWER they diffuse through embedded protein channels via facilitated diffusion

What is the name of the embedded protein that provides a channel for the hydrogen ions to pass through the membrane? - VERIFIED ANSWER ATP synthase The flow of hydrogen ions through the protein channel provides free energy to do work. What process in chemiosmosis requires energy? - VERIFIED ANSWER phosphorylation (ADP --> ATP) During oxidation, what molecule is being phosphorylated? - VERIFIED ANSWER ADP Under ideal conditions each NADH molecule will result in 3 ATP molecules, and each FADH2 molecule will result in 2 ATP molecules during oxidative phosphorylation. Calculate the total number of ATP molecules that might be produced in this phase of cellular respiration from one glucose molecule. - VERIFIED ANSWER 5 Considering all the stages of cellular respiration (glycolysis, link, Krebs cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation) how many ATP molecules are produced from one glucose molecule, assuming ideal circumstances? - VERIFIED ANSWER 38 total glycolysis = 2 link = 0 Krebs = 2 oxidative phosphorylation = 34 Because of its role in aerobic respiration, oxygen is essential for most living things on Earth. Describe the role of molecular oxygen in aerobic respiration. - VERIFIED ANSWER oxygen is an H+ ion acceptor through the electron transport chain which produces H2O and also helps to recycle NAD+ and FADH through the electron transport chain In which phases is glucose used or produced? - VERIFIED ANSWER glycolysis In which phase is oxygen used or produced? - VERIFIED ANSWER oxidative phosphorylation In which phase is carbon dioxide used or produced? - VERIFIED ANSWER Krebs cycle and link reaction

In which phase is water used or produced? - VERIFIED ANSWER oxidative phosphorylation In which phases are the 38 ATP used or produced? - VERIFIED ANSWER oxidative phosphorylation, Krebs, and glycolysis Where in the cell is glucose used or produced? - VERIFIED ANSWER cytoplasm Where in the cell is oxygen used or produced? - VERIFIED ANSWER mitochondrial matrix Where in the cell is carbon dioxide used or produced? - VERIFIED ANSWER inner mitochondrial matrix Where in the cell is H2O used or produced? - VERIFIED ANSWER mitochondrial matrix and inner mitochondrial membrane Where in the cell is the 38 ATP used or produced? - VERIFIED ANSWER mitochondrial matrix, cytoplasm, and inner mitchondrial membrane Substrate level phosphorylation is the term used for phosphorylation that removes a phosphate from one molecule and joins it to another molecule. Oxidative phosphorylation is the term used for the attachment of free inorganic phosphate to a molecule. Identify the phases of cellular respiration that use substrate level phosphorylation and that use oxidative phosphorylation. - VERIFIED ANSWER Glycolysis and the Krebs cycle use substrate level phosphorylation, and oxidative phosphorylation uses oxidative phosphorylation. Which side of the inner mitochondrial membrane would have a higher pH? - VERIFIED ANSWER mitochondrial matrix During glycolysis the enzyme hexokinase uses ATP to transfer a phosphate to glucose to form fructose- diphosphate. Suppose that a cell has only glucose available for energy and that the activity of hexokinase is suddenly stopped. Explain in detail what is most likely to occur in the cell. - VERIFIED ANSWER the cell wouldn't produce any ATP because glycolysis would not occur

Is any ATP produced in the electron transport chain? - VERIFIED ANSWER No Is any ATP used in the electron transport chain? - VERIFIED ANSWER Noiration in prokaryotic cells. - VERIFIED ANSWER cell mereactants of cellular respiration - VERIFIED ANSWER oxygen and glucose oxygen and glucose are the - VERIFIED ANSWER reactants of cellular respiration products of cellular respiration - VERIFIED ANSWER energy water carbon dioxide (38 ATP, 6H20, 6CO2) energy water carbon dioxide are the - VERIFIED ANSWER products of cellular respiration C6H1206 aka - VERIFIED ANSWER glucose glucose aka - VERIFIED ANSWER C6H12O four phases of cellular respiration - VERIFIED ANSWER glycolysis link reaction krebs cycle oxidative phosphorylation glycolysis link reaction krebs cycle oxidative phosphorylation aka - VERIFIED ANSWER four phases of cellular respiration glycolysis occurs in - VERIFIED ANSWER cytoplasm of cell which phase occurs in cytoplasm of cell - VERIFIED ANSWER glycolysis oxidative phosphorylation occurs in - VERIFIED ANSWER mitochondria of cell link reaction occurs in - VERIFIED ANSWER mitochondria of cell krebs cycle occurs in - VERIFIED ANSWER mitochondria of cell

goal of cellular respiration - VERIFIED ANSWER make ATP which phases occur in mitochondria of cell - VERIFIED ANSWER link reaction krebs cycle oxidative phosphorylation which phases of cellular respiration produce ATP - VERIFIED ANSWER glycolysis krebs cycle oxidative phosphorylation glycolysis krebs cycle oxidative phosphorylation all produce - VERIFIED ANSWER ATP does link reaction produce ATP - VERIFIED ANSWER no does glycolysis produce ATP - VERIFIED ANSWER yes does krebs cycle produce ATP - VERIFIED ANSWER yes does oxidative phosphorylation produce ATP - VERIFIED ANSWER yes for every glucose molecule that undergoes cellular respiration, - VERIFIED ANSWER 38 ATP molecules are produced 38 ATPs are produced for every - VERIFIED ANSWER glucose molecule that undergoes cellular respiration examples of things you need ATP for - VERIFIED ANSWER active transport hydrolysis excreting waste active transport hydrolysis excreting waste all require - VERIFIED ANSWER ATP what reactants of ATP must be available in cell to produce ATP - VERIFIED ANSWER ADP and phosphate

where is electron transport chain - VERIFIED ANSWER mitochondria of cell NAD+ bonds with two electrons and H+ to make - VERIFIED ANSWER NADH to make NADH, NAD+ bonds with - VERIFIED ANSWER two electrons and H+ FADH bonds with two electrons and H+ to make - VERIFIED ANSWER FADH to make FADH2, FADH bonds with - VERIFIED ANSWER two electrons and H+ glycolysis breaks glucose into - VERIFIED ANSWER two pyruvate glycolysis breaks ___________ into two pyruvate - VERIFIED ANSWER glucose what breaks glucose into two pyruvate - VERIFIED ANSWER glycolysis product molecules of cellular respiration are - VERIFIED ANSWER recycled are product molecules of cellular respiration recycled - VERIFIED ANSWER yes NADH and FADH2 are required in - VERIFIED ANSWER oxidative phosphorylation oxidative phosphorlyation requires - VERIFIED ANSWER NADH and FADH electrons and H+ are removed from _______ and ______________ during oxidative phosphorlyation - VERIFIED ANSWER NADH and FADH electrons and H+ are removed from NADH and FADH2 during - VERIFIED ANSWER oxidative phosphorylation

glycolysis is - VERIFIED ANSWER anaerobic does glycolysis need oxygen - VERIFIED ANSWER no in muscles, fermentation produces - VERIFIED ANSWER lactic acid does fermentation produce lactic acid - VERIFIED ANSWER yes when cells don't have enough oxygen, they have to use _________________ to make ATP - VERIFIED ANSWER only glycolysis when cells don't have enough oxygen, they have to use only glycolysis to - VERIFIED ANSWER make ATP does fermentation produce ATP - VERIFIED ANSWER NO fermentation is coupled with - VERIFIED ANSWER glycolysis when oxygen is not present in cell, glycolysis is coupled with - VERIFIED ANSWER fermentation fermentation job - VERIFIED ANSWER recycle NADH into NAD+ fermentation recycles NADH into - VERIFIED ANSWER NAD+ fermentation helps to - VERIFIED ANSWER save energy fermentation helps to save energy, because it - VERIFIED ANSWER recycles materials organisms that require oxygen can make - VERIFIED ANSWER more ATP in less time

oxygen and glucose are the - VERIFIED ANSWER reactants of cellular respiration products of cellular respiration - VERIFIED ANSWER energy water carbon dioxide (38 ATP, 6H20, 6CO2) energy water carbon dioxide are the - VERIFIED ANSWER products of cellular respiration C6H1206 aka - VERIFIED ANSWER glucose glucose aka - VERIFIED ANSWER C6H12O four phases of cellular respiration - VERIFIED ANSWER glycolysis link reaction krebs cycle oxidative phosphorylation glycolysis link reaction krebs cycle oxidative phosphorylation aka - VERIFIED ANSWER four phases of cellular respiration glycolysis occurs in - VERIFIED ANSWER cytoplasm of cell which phase occurs in cytoplasm of cell - VERIFIED ANSWER glycolysis oxidative phosphorylation occurs in - VERIFIED ANSWER mitochondria of cell link reaction occurs in - VERIFIED ANSWER mitochondria of cell krebs cycle occurs in - VERIFIED ANSWER mitochondria of cell goal of cellular respiration - VERIFIED ANSWER make ATP which phases occur in mitochondria of cell - VERIFIED ANSWER link reaction krebs cycle oxidative phosphorylation

which phases of cellular respiration produce ATP - VERIFIED ANSWER glycolysis krebs cycle oxidative phosphorylation glycolysis krebs cycle oxidative phosphorylation all produce - VERIFIED ANSWER ATP does link reaction produce ATP - VERIFIED ANSWER no does glycolysis produce ATP - VERIFIED ANSWER yes does krebs cycle produce ATP - VERIFIED ANSWER yes does oxidative phosphorylation produce ATP - VERIFIED ANSWER yes for every glucose molecule that undergoes cellular respiration, - VERIFIED ANSWER 38 ATP molecules are produced 38 ATPs are produced for every - VERIFIED ANSWER glucose molecule that undergoes cellular respiration examples of things you need ATP for - VERIFIED ANSWER active transport hydrolysis excreting waste active transport hydrolysis excreting waste all require - VERIFIED ANSWER ATP what reactants of ATP must be available in cell to produce ATP - VERIFIED ANSWER ADP and phosphate ADP and phosphate must be available in cell to - VERIFIED ANSWER make ATP ADP and phosphate must be __________________ to produce ATP - VERIFIED ANSWER available in cell

to make NADH, NAD+ bonds with - VERIFIED ANSWER two electrons and H+ FADH bonds with two electrons and H+ to make - VERIFIED ANSWER FADH to make FADH2, FADH bonds with - VERIFIED ANSWER two electrons and H+ glycolysis breaks glucose into - VERIFIED ANSWER two pyruvate glycolysis breaks ___________ into two pyruvate - VERIFIED ANSWER glucose what breaks glucose into two pyruvate - VERIFIED ANSWER glycolysis product molecules of cellular respiration are - VERIFIED ANSWER recycled are product molecules of cellular respiration recycled - VERIFIED ANSWER yes NADH and FADH2 are required in - VERIFIED ANSWER oxidative phosphorylation oxidative phosphorlyation requires - VERIFIED ANSWER NADH and FADH electrons and H+ are removed from _______ and ______________ during oxidative phosphorlyation - VERIFIED ANSWER NADH and FADH electrons and H+ are removed from NADH and FADH2 during - VERIFIED ANSWER oxidative phosphorylation glycolysis is - VERIFIED ANSWER anaerobic does glycolysis need oxygen - VERIFIED ANSWER no

in muscles, fermentation produces - VERIFIED ANSWER lactic acid does fermentation produce lactic acid - VERIFIED ANSWER yes when cells don't have enough oxygen, they have to use _________________ to make ATP - VERIFIED ANSWER only glycolysis when cells don't have enough oxygen, they have to use only glycolysis to - VERIFIED ANSWER make ATP does fermentation produce ATP - VERIFIED ANSWER NO fermentation is coupled with - VERIFIED ANSWER glycolysis when oxygen is not present in cell, glycolysis is coupled with - VERIFIED ANSWER fermentation fermentation job - VERIFIED ANSWER recycle NADH into NAD+ fermentation recycles NADH into - VERIFIED ANSWER NAD+ fermentation helps to - VERIFIED ANSWER save energy fermentation helps to save energy, because it - VERIFIED ANSWER recycles materials organisms that require oxygen can make - VERIFIED ANSWER more ATP in less time organisms without oxygen cannot - VERIFIED ANSWER make as much ATP

Where does the citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation occur in the cell? - VERIFIED ANSWER In the mitochondria What is the primary function of the citric acid cycle? - VERIFIED ANSWER To complete oxidation of glucose and produce reduced coenzymes What is produced from one molecule of acetyl CoA during one round of the citric acid cycle? - VERIFIED ANSWER 3 NADH, 1 FADH2, and 1 GTP What is the role of the electron transport chain? - VERIFIED ANSWER To conduct a series of electron exchanges and produce a proton gradient for ATP synthesis What is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain? - VERIFIED ANSWER Oxygen What is the function of ATP synthase? - VERIFIED ANSWER To synthesize ATP using the proton gradient generated by the electron transport chain What is the main energy-rich molecule produced by the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex? - VERIFIED ANSWER NADH What is the overall reaction of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex? - VERIFIED ANSWER Pyruvate + CoA + NAD+ → Acetyl CoA + CO2 + NADH What are the three enzymes involved in the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex? - VERIFIED ANSWER E1: pyruvate decarboxylase, E2: dihydrolipoyl transacetylase, E3: dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase What coenzyme is required for E1 of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex? - VERIFIED ANSWER Thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) What vitamins are required for the coenzymes FAD and NAD+? - VERIFIED ANSWER Riboflavin (B2) for FAD and Niacin (B3) for NAD+

What regulates the activity of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex? - VERIFIED ANSWER PDH kinase and PDH phosphatase What effect does high levels of acetyl CoA and NADH have on the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex? - VERIFIED ANSWER They inhibit the complex What activates PDH phosphatase in the regulation of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex? - VERIFIED ANSWER Calcium (Ca2+) Where in the body does the citric acid cycle occur? - VERIFIED ANSWER In almost all cells, except those without mitochondria like red blood cells What is the significance of the proton gradient produced by the electron transport chain? - VERIFIED ANSWER It is used to synthesize ATP What happens to the carbon atoms during the citric acid cycle? - VERIFIED ANSWER No net consumption/production of carbons; 2 carbons enter as acetyl CoA and 2 exit as CO What is the main function of the mitochondrial matrix? - VERIFIED ANSWER It contains enzymes, mitochondrial DNA, and ribosomes What is the structure of the mitochondrial inner membrane? - VERIFIED ANSWER It is complex and impermeable to most molecules, requiring transport proteins What are porins in the mitochondrial outer membrane? - VERIFIED ANSWER Channels that make the outer membrane permeable to small molecules What can deficiencies in the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex lead to? - VERIFIED ANSWER Disorders due to genetic mutations of its components What is the primary function of the PDH complex? - VERIFIED ANSWER To convert pyruvate into acetyl CoA for entry into the citric acid cycle.