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Political Orientation: A Personality Perspective - Conservatives vs. Liberals - Prof. Bren, Study notes of Personality Psychology

University of Illinois - Urbana-ChampaignPersonality Psychology
Prof. Brent W. Roberts

Political orientation as a personality perspective, focusing on the differences between conservatives and liberals in terms of personality traits, nonverbal cues, and moral foundations. It also discusses the heritability of political orientation and its development during childhood.

Typology: Study notes

2012/2013

Uploaded on 03/04/2013

sunsundeng
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According to the definition provided in lecture, political orientation is a(n) personality
perspective, attitude, favorable or unfavorable evakuatioon of particular people, objects,events,
or ideas
Conservatives tend to differ most from liberals on which of the Big Five? Openness
Some positive terms used to describe conservatives in past research are:
• Persistent
• Tough
• Reliable
• Loyal
• Self-controlled
• Clean
• Careful
• Stable
Some negative terms used to describe Liberals in past research are:
• Slovenly
• Ambiguous
• Eccentric
• Sensitive
• Unpredictable
• Uncontrolled
• Impulsive
Some negative terms used to describe Conservatives in past research are:
• Conventional
• Conformist
• Obedient
• Fearful
• Prejudiced
• Rigid
• Anxious
• Close-minded
In terms of nonverbal cues, Liberals tended to:
▫ Smiling more
▫ Orienting their body toward the conversation partner
▫ More responsive
In terms of cues left in their rooms, Conservatives tended to have more:
• More conventional
• Homogeneous books
• More sports-related décor
• Event calendar
• Ironing board
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According to the definition provided in lecture, political orientation is a(n) personality perspective, attitude, favorable or unfavorable evakuatioon of particular people, objects,events, or ideas Conservatives tend to differ most from liberals on which of the Big Five? Openness Some positive terms used to describe conservatives in past research are:

  • Persistent
  • Tough
  • Reliable
  • Loyal
  • Self-controlled
  • Clean
  • Careful
  • Stable Some negative terms used to describe Liberals in past research are:
  • Slovenly
  • Ambiguous
  • Eccentric
  • Sensitive
  • Unpredictable
  • Uncontrolled
  • Impulsive Some negative terms used to describe Conservatives in past research are:
  • Conventional
  • Conformist
  • Obedient
  • Fearful
  • Prejudiced
  • Rigid
  • Anxious
  • Close-minded In terms of nonverbal cues, Liberals tended to: ▫ Smiling more ▫ Orienting their body toward the conversation partner ▫ More responsive In terms of cues left in their rooms, Conservatives tended to have more:
  • More conventional
  • Homogeneous books
  • More sports-related décor
  • Event calendar
  • Ironing board
  • Postage stamps The heritability of political orientation is: .44, the psychological foundations to political orientation start early The Block and Block (2006) study on the development of political orientation showed that: we can predict a person’s political orientation in young age, there is correlation. The psychological foundations to political orientation start early. The Block and Block (2006) study on the development of political orientation showed that when conservatives were 3 years old, observers described them as more:
  • Readiness to feel guilt
  • Anxious in unpredictable environment
  • Immobilized under stress
  • Is inhibited and constricted The Block and Block (2006) study on the development of political orientation showed that when liberals were 18 years old, observers described them as:
  • Enjoys aesthetic impressions
  • Has a wide range of interests
  • Is an interesting, colorful person
  • Has a high degree of intellectual capacity According to Haidt’s Five Moral Foundations Theory of political orientation, Liberals tend to emphasize which two moral foundations? Harm and fainess According to Haidt’s Five Moral Foundations Theory of political orientation, Conservatives tend to emphasize what moral foundation more than liberals? Ingroup, authority, purity The parent-student correlations of political orientation from past Psych 250 classes were: ▫ .33 with moms ▫ .21 with dads ▫ higher than for personality traits According to Haidt’s analysis of social science research on morality, academic psychologists emphasize which to moral foundations in their research?
  • The Big Five moral foundations ▫ Harm/care ▫ Fairness/reciprocity ▫ Ingroup/loyalty ▫ Authority/respect ▫ Purity/sanctity According to research by Napier & Jost (2008), conservatives are happier that liberals because ▫ System-justification –- Alignment of values to the existing circumstances ▫ Rationalization of inequality

According to Block and Block (2005), what is one predictor at age 18 that predicted conservatism at age 23?

  • Favors conservative values
  • Uncomfortable with uncertainty
  • Makes moral judgments
  • Judges self and others in conventional terms
  • Behaves in a sex-typed fashion According to Cornelis et al (2009), how does our political orientation change as we age? We get more conservative Which one of the Big Five moral foundations contains people disliking to see others suffering and people being sensitive to cruelty and harm? Harm/Care Which one of the following best describes an aspect of the moral foundation fairness/reciprocity?
  • Emotional system generated by reciprocal altruism
  • Generated emotional systems of guilt, anger, and gratitude
  • These emotions and rules of reciprocity are linked to sense of fairness and justice.
  • In some cultures sensitivity to fairness and justice has led to elaboration and valuation of individual rights and equality *give ex. We recognize, trust, and cooperate with member of our own group, but we are wary and distrustful of members of other groups. What Big Five moral foundation does this describe? Ingroup/Loyalty Which emotion below relates to the upholding of authority? Respect, awe, admiration, duty, obedience. On what moral foundation do men score higher than women? In group, anthority