PHYSICAL
CHANGES
AND PARTICLE
MOTION
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Physical changes alter a substance's appearance or form, but not its chemical identity, meaning no new substance is created. Common examples include changes in state (like melting ice or boiling water), shape (cutting paper), size (crushing a can), or by mixing substances (dissolving sugar in water). These changes are often reversible. Key characteristics of physical changes
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PHYSICAL
CHANGES
AND PARTICLE
MOTION
PHASE CHANGES IN
MATTER
Phase changes in matter is the process
by which matter changes from one
physical state or phase to another. The
three most common phases of matter
are solid, liquid, and gas.
For example, from solid to liquid Another example, from liquid to gas
What Are Physical
Changes?
A physical change is when matter changes in appearance or form, but no new substance is created.
Examples:
Melting ice → Still water.
Cutting paper → Still
paper.
Breaking a pencil.
These changes are often
reversible.
heat heat heat heat When ice is heated up, it does not change temperature immediately, it remains at the same temperature until all of it has melted into water. The heat energy is being used to break the bonds between the molecules of the ice. You can think of these bonds as tiny invisible strings that hold the molecules of the ice together. So, when we add heat to the ice, the ice absorbs the heat, which allows the molecules of the ice to move around more freely and become less tightly packed.
melting evaporation condensation freezing
PHASE CHANGES
THROUGH HEATING
Melting
When a solid is heated,
its particles gain
energy and move faster.
Eventually, they break
free from their fixed
positions and become a
liquid.
Meling process of of popsicles
- Add Heat
EVAPORATI
ON
Evaporation process of water
When a liquid is
heated, its particles
gain enough energy
to escape and
become a gas. This is
how puddles dry up
on a sunny day.
- Add Heat
CONDENS
ATION
Condensation process of water Remove Heat
When a gas is cooled,
its particles lose
energy and slow
down. They come
together to form a
liquid. This is how
dew forms on grass.
PHASE CHANGES
THROUGH COOLING
EXPERIMENT TIME
You'll need:
- (^) Take the ice cube out of the freezer after 30 minutes and place it next to a normal ice cube at room temperature.
- (^) Start the stopwatch or timer and observe and record the time it takes for each ice cube to melt completely.
- (^) Compare the results and discuss with your classmates what factors may have affected the rate of melting of each ice cube.