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Chapter 5:

Classical Conditioning: Practical Applications

 Phobias

 Treatments

 Applications in Medicine

Classical Conditioning

• Conditioned emotional response (CER)

Suppression

ratio =

of presses

of presses + # of pre-conditioning presses

SR = 0 SR = .33 SR =.

Sniffy’s CER

• Movement Ratio
• CS Response Strength

Practical Applications

• Phobias

Practical Applications

• Additional factors important for developing a phobia
  • Observational learning
  • Temperament
  • Preparedness
  • History of control

Practical Applications

• Additional factors important for developing a

phobia

• Incubation
• US revaluation
• Selective sensitivity

Practical Applications

• Aversion therapy

Aversion Therapy Technique

1. Subject is given a warm saline solution, containing a drug which will make to patient vomit (emetic drug).
2. Before the vomiting begins the subject is given a glass containing alcohol ( i.e. whiskey).
3. Patient should drink whiskey and subsequently become violently sick.

Practical Applications

• Systematic desensitization

An 18 year-old student feels nervous about seeing blood. For several years this has caused her to become very anxious and makes her feel nauseous and uncomfortable when she is near blood.This will has been causing a severe problem throughout her training and she has decided to seek help.We will look at how psychologist Rardin (1969) used systematic desensitisation to help the trainee deal with her fear.

Systematic Desensitisation Technique

• The technique was developed by Wolpe

(1969)

• And involves the following 4 stages:

1. Learning how to relax
2. Listening to all your fears
3. Constructing a hierarchy of threatening

scenes.

1. Working through those scenes.

• What has happened here?

Breathing = Relaxed feeling

Blood = Anxious feeling

Breathing + Blood = Calm and Relaxed

• Blood = Patient feeling calm and relaxed & able to rationalise fear.
• This is one of the ways the perspective treats phobias for example spiders, snakes or flying.

Systematic Desensitisation Technique

Practical Applications

• Systematic desensitization
  • Countering conditioning
  • Reciprocal inhibition

Flooding Technique

• Fear of Spiders

1. The client will be put in a room full of spiders or asked to imagine this in great detail.
2. The client is flooded or overwhelmed – reaches a peak point of fear!
3. The fear begins to subside – marked reduction in fear.

Practical Applications

• Medical applications