Historical Background - Conditional Learning - Lecture Slides, Slides of Learning processes

Historical Background, Schools of Behaviorism, Defining Learning, Permanent Change, Basic Types of Learning, Classical Conditioning, Operant Conditioning, Skinner Box, Law of Similarity, Law of Contrast are some points from lecture of Conditional Learning.

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2011/2012

Uploaded on 12/21/2012

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Introduction
Historical Background
Five schools of behaviorism
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Introduction

  • Historical Background
  • Five schools of behaviorism

Defining Learning

• a relatively permanent change in

knowledge or behavior that results

from experience.

• (behavior: any activity that can be

either directly or indirectly

observed)

Two Basic Types of Learning

  • Operant conditioning
    • Strengthening or weakening of a voluntary behavior because of its consequences

Behavior (dog sits)

Scolding

Praise

Nothing

Behavior Increases or decreases

Food

Reinforcers Docsity.com

Skinner Box (Conditioning Box)

Historical Background

  • Descartes
    • Mind-body dualism
  • British empiricists
    • Tabula rasa

Historical Background

  • Structuralism
    • Introspection
  • Functionalism
  • Used experimental approach
    • 2 groups of questioners
      • Group 1 knew the answers
      • Group 2 did not know the answers
  • Hans only answered correctly when

questioners knew the answers

Clever Hans, the clever horse

An Investigation

  • Conclusion:
    • Hans was receiving some type of information from questioners
    • Hans had been unintentionally conditioned by his owner
  • Impact:
    • Scientists more skeptical of mental processes in animals But…
    • Provided proof that animals were capable of learning

Clever Hans, the clever horse

An Investigation

Watson’s Life (1878-1958)

  • 1920: Scandal
    • Affair with student Rosalie Rayner
    • Watson forced to resign
  • Moved into advertising

Five schools of behaviorism

  • Watsonian behaviorism
  • Neobehaviorism: Hull
    • Intervening variables
  • Cognitive Neobehaviorism: Tolman
    • Cognitive map
    • Latent learning
  • Social Learning Theory: Bandura
    • Reciprocal determinism
  • Radical Behaviorism: Skinner