Practical Research 1 Quarter 4, Summaries of Political studies

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ACTIVITY SHEETS

Practical Research 1

QUARTER 4

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Quarter 4 Week 3

Name: ____________________ Grade Level: _________ Section: _____________

Activity Sheet No. _____ Date Answered: ____________

In the previous lessons, you have learned about the different qualitative research designs, sampling procedures, and their examples. For this activity, we will identify the methods of data collection and the logical steps in organizing and analyzing data. A. Sentence Formation: Arrange the phrases in each item to form a sentence. Write your answers in the space provided.

1. are the most observations and interviews common methods in gathering qualitative data
2. to collect relevant data or information is a personal conversation between two or more people which represent the target population an interview
3. involves the use of our sensory systems to describe naturally occurring behavior observation method or to assess the effects of our independent research variable
4. is a common technique in qualitative analysis in later stages of analysis and verification. coding selective retrieval involves developing codes for labeling sections of text for
5. is an informal form of conversation in nature unstructured interview that is non-directive Did you correctly assemble all the sentences? Great job!

Lesson 14 : Data Collection through Interview, Observation, and other Methods

“How Do We Collect Qualitative Data?”

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HERE’S HOW IT IS!

A. What’s on Your Mind?

1. How useful is an interview in collecting qualitative data.

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2. In your own words, describe the things you must consider first before conducting a research interview.

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3. How do you make sure that the data collected in an interview is reliable?

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ARE YOU TAKING IT?

In qualitative research, the most common methods used for data collection are interviews, observations, document reviews and audio-visual materials. The researcher/s may use variety of data gathering techniques or even combine two or more methods. Gathering data through these methods requires you to perform necessary skills or strategies and to follow the right procedure. Methods of Data Collection in Qualitative Research

1. Interview

This technique is performed by encouraging the research participants to talk

about their experiences, emotions, beliefs, customs, and outlooks. This

method is preferred by researchers because they can listen to views and

perceptions of the participants. Furthermore, it has high response rate and

time and opportunity to view behaviors are adequate.

Forms of Interview ✓ Structure Interview - utilizes interview schedule, set of prepared questions are asked uniformly from one respondent to another, and the researcher/interviewer cannot change or rephrase the original questions.

Data Analysis Procedures Unlike quantitative research which mainly uses statistical tools, qualitative data can be analyzed through coding, recursive abstraction, discourse analysis, computer-assisted software, or combination of two or more methods.

1. Coding- A common technique that involves developing codes for labeling sections of text for selective retrieval in later stages of analysis and verification. Different approaches can be used for textual coding. One approach, structural coding , follows the structure of the interview guide. Another approach, thematic coding , label common themes that appear across interviews, whether by design of the topic guide or emerging themes assigned based on further analysis. To avoid the problem of shift and drift in codes across time or multiple coders, qualitative investigators should develop a standard codebook with written definitions and rules about when codes should start and stop. Coding is also an iterative process in which new codes that emerge from repeated reading are layered on top of existing codes. Development and refinement of the codebook is inseparably part of the analysis (Wolff 2018,4-5).
2. Recursive abstraction- In this kind of analysis, sets of data are undergo series of summarization. The end point is a more concise summary that would have been difficult to accurately understand without the previous synopsis.
3. Discourse Analysis- the most basic procedure in this analysis is by counting of words, phrases, or coincidences of tokens within the data. Other similar techniques are the analysis of phrases and exchanges in conversational analysis.
4. Computer- Assisted Qualitative Research Data Analysis Software - these programs enhance the analyst’s efficiency at data storage/retrieval and at applying the codes to the data. Common qualitative research data analysis includes: NVivo [QSR International Pty. Ltd., Melbourne, VIC, Australia] and ATLAS.ti [Scientific Software Development GmbH, Berlin, Germany]). These two evolved to include sophisticated analytic features covering a wide array of applications but are relatively expensive in terms of license cost and initial investment in time and training (Wolff 2018, 5).

DO IT!

A. Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your answer in the space provided. ______ 1. Which of the following statements is true about the research interview? A. Interviews are generally unreliable. B. It has a low response rate from the participants. C. An interview is preferred by researchers because they can listen to the views and perceptions of the participants D. Research interviews can only be done by one researcher or observer. Two observers may create loopholes during data collection. ______ 2. Which of the following statements is NOT true about research observation? A. Research observation is a time-consuming method. B. Research observer/s may take the role of a non-participant or complete participant. C. In participant observation, the researcher immerses himself/herself in the natural setting of the participants. D. When using the observation method, you may or may not use your senses to observe people in their natural setting. ______ 3. The type of interview has a predetermined set of questions and schedules. The interviewer or the researcher can ask more questions for additional information? A. Partial Interview B. Semi-structured Interview C. Structured Interview D. Unstructured Interview ______ 4. The type of interview that sets the interview schedule, prepare sets of questions that are being asked uniformly to all participants. Research questions are unchangeable. A. Partial Interview B. Semi-structured Interview C. Structured interview D. Unstructured Interview ______ 5. Why is using computer-assisted analysis software becomes an advantage in qualitative analysis? Computer-assisted analysis advantages for qualitative analysis. These include ✓ Systematic coding. ✓ Selective retrieval of coded segments. ✓ Verifying conclusions (“quizzing the data”). ✓ Working on larger data sets with multiple separate files. ✓ Working in teams with multiple coders to allow intercoder reliability to be measured and monitored. Hooray! You have completely read the topic. Congratulations!

B. Build your knowledge: Pick one topic for each item you have written above. Explain what makes these topics suitable for observation, interview, and document review process respectively.

1. Topic: _________________________________________________________________ Explanation:

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2. Topic: _________________________________________________________________ Explanation:

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3. Topic: _________________________________________________________________ Explanation:

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3. DOCUMENT REVIEW

Topic 1: ________________________________________________________________ Topic 2: ________________________________________________________________ Topic 3: ________________________________________________________________

Answers Key nce Formation:e Sent A. Observations and interviews are the most common 1. methods in gathering qualitative data An interview is a personal conversation between two or 2. more people which represent the target population to information. collect relevant data or Observation method involves the use of our sensory 3. systems to describe naturally occurring behavior or to assess the effects of our independent research variable Coding is a common technique in qualitative analysis 4. r labeling sections of text involves developing codes fo for selective retrieval in later stages of analysis and verification. of form informal an is interview nstructuredU 5. directive- conversation that is non (Answers of students may vary) Are You Taking It? Do it!

5. D 6. B 7. D 8. A 9. D 10. D C 1. C 2. D 3. A 4. Ace it (Answers may vary) A. Let’s Practice: (Answers may vary) B. Build Your Knowledge: