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PRAXIS 2026 COMPUTER SCIENCES 5652 TEST WITH
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digital divide - CORRECT ANSWER>>> the gulf between those who have ready access to computers and the Internet, and those who do not. Solutions to digital divide - CORRECT ANSWER>>> *Increase affordability *Empowering usersImprove the relevance of *online content Internet infrastructure *developmentAddress gender gap in internet access Creative Commons - CORRECT ANSWER>>> A kind of copyright that makes it easier for people to copy, share, and build on your creative work, as long as they give you credit for it. Open Source - CORRECT ANSWER>>> Software that is created for free use by everyone Copyright - CORRECT ANSWER>>> the exclusive legal right, given to an originator or an assignee to print, publish, perform, film, or record literary, artistic, or musical material, and to authorize others to do the same. Abstraction - CORRECT ANSWER>>> Reducing information and detail to focus on essential characteristics. Control abstraction - CORRECT ANSWER>>> Don't care "How" it gets done Data Abstraction - CORRECT ANSWER>>> Representing or storing information with methods that separate layers of concerns so that the programmer can work with information while ignoring lowerlevel details about how the information is represented.
Abstraction allows.... - CORRECT ANSWER>>> you to modify "parts" of a program without messing up the larger program Abstraction Hierarchy - CORRECT ANSWER>>> Most general concepts on top of the hierarchy and specific concepts on the bottom pattern recognition - CORRECT ANSWER>>> looking for similarities among and within problems Problem Decomposition - CORRECT ANSWER>>> The process of breaking a complex problem or system into parts that are easier to conceive, understand, program, and maintain. Binary - CORRECT ANSWER>>> The binary number system is base 2, using only bits 0 and 1. Hexadecimal - CORRECT ANSWER>>> A base-16 number system that uses sixteen distinct symbols 0- 9 and A-F to represent numbers from 0 to 15. natural language - CORRECT ANSWER>>> Person to Person Oval (Flowchart) - CORRECT ANSWER>>> start/end Rectangle (flowchart) - CORRECT ANSWER>>> Action or process Dimond (Flowchart) - CORRECT ANSWER>>> A choice Arrow (flowchart) - CORRECT ANSWER>>> Direction of a choice Rhombus (flowchart) - CORRECT ANSWER>>> Input / Output
exponential function - CORRECT ANSWER>>> Constant ratio increase logarithmic function - CORRECT ANSWER>>> What exponent is needed to get a number control structure - CORRECT ANSWER>>> *An instruction that determines the order in which other instructions in a program are executed *If and Loops Standard Operators - CORRECT ANSWER>>> ==, ||, && correctness (of a program) - CORRECT ANSWER>>> depends on correctness of program components, including code segments and procedures Extensibility - CORRECT ANSWER>>> allows for future growth in a program modifiability - CORRECT ANSWER>>> software is able to be modified Reusability software - CORRECT ANSWER>>> The use of existing assets such as software, knowledge, code into new software syntax error - CORRECT ANSWER>>> a character or string incorrectly placed in a command or instruction that causes a failure in execution. runtime error - CORRECT ANSWER>>> becomes apparent when the program is executed compile-time error - CORRECT ANSWER>>> An error in the source code that makes it impossible to compile. Also called a "syntax error".
overflow error - CORRECT ANSWER>>> A calculation produces a result that is greater than the computer can deal with or store with the available number of bits round-off error - CORRECT ANSWER>>> the error produced when a decimal result is rounded in order to provide a meaningful answer. logic error - CORRECT ANSWER>>> An error in a program that makes it do something other than what the programmer intended. sequence - CORRECT ANSWER>>> the order in which things happen or should happen selection - CORRECT ANSWER>>> A generic term for a type of programming statement (usually an ifstatement) that uses a Boolean condition to determine, or select, whether or not to run a certain block of statements. Iteration Control Structure - CORRECT ANSWER>>> *Represents the computer's ability to repeat a series of instructions *Loops Assignment Operator - CORRECT ANSWER>>> the "=" sign in an assignment statement Arithmetic Operators - CORRECT ANSWER>>> perform mathematical calculations Relational Operators - CORRECT ANSWER>>> Used to compare two values. Operators include =,<,>,<=,>=,<> logical operators - CORRECT ANSWER>>> && [and] || [or] ! [not]
Characteristics of well-documented computer programs - CORRECT ANSWER>>> *Usable *Readable *Modular code review - CORRECT ANSWER>>> a peer review process in which programmers check over one another's work to ensure its quality end user - CORRECT ANSWER>>> A representative consumer for whom a hardware or software product is designed. apis - CORRECT ANSWER>>> Application Programming Interface, how you define libraries and call them Data Validation - CORRECT ANSWER>>> the process of verifying that a program's input data is within the expected range Data verification - CORRECT ANSWER>>> validates that data is correct and accurate Components of IDEs - CORRECT ANSWER>>> *Text Editor *Debugger *Compliler *Code Completion *Language Support *Plug-ins Low level programming language - CORRECT ANSWER>>> A programming language that provides little or no abstraction from a computer's instruction set architecture—commands or functions in the language map closely to processor instructions. Generally this refers to either machine code or assembly language.
High level programming language - CORRECT ANSWER>>> A programming language that hides the details of how the computer hardware solves a problem and is therefore easier for a programmer to use. Procedural Programming - CORRECT ANSWER>>> method of programming that uses step-by-step instructions object-oriented programming - CORRECT ANSWER>>> designing a program by discovering objects, their properties, and their relationships Programming Paradigm - CORRECT ANSWER>>> A way of approaching problems; object-oriented, functional, and imperative paradigms are three major paradigms. Functional Programming - CORRECT ANSWER>>> A programming paradigm that uses functions to create programs. Imperative Programming - CORRECT ANSWER>>> where a developer writes code that describes in exacting detail the steps that the computer must take to accomplish the goal class diagram - CORRECT ANSWER>>> Rectangle with name at top, variables in the middle , and methods in the bottom Inheritance - CORRECT ANSWER>>> when subclass get the variables and methods of a super class overloading a method - CORRECT ANSWER>>> giving two methods the same name but different method signatures overriding a method - CORRECT ANSWER>>> redefining a method in a subclass compilation - CORRECT ANSWER>>> turning programming language into machine language
trace code - CORRECT ANSWER>>> Writing down the values of the variables and how they change each time the body of the loop executes. redundancy - CORRECT ANSWER>>> Ability to provide continued service, no matter what happens Backups - CORRECT ANSWER>>> copies of files that you can use to replace the originals if they're lost or damaged Data Collection - CORRECT ANSWER>>> The process of acquiring existing information or developing new information.
aggregation - CORRECT ANSWER>>> information is gathered and expressed in a summary form, for purposes such as statistical analysis. data generation - CORRECT ANSWER>>> Development of data, frequently qualitative rather than numerical, by the data collector. Data generated by sensors - CORRECT ANSWER>>> input by physical environment Surveys - CORRECT ANSWER>>> an ordered series of questions intended to elicit information from respondents Citizen Science - CORRECT ANSWER>>> the collection and analysis of data relating to the natural world by members of the general public, typically as part of a collaborative project with professional scientists. Computer Operating Systems - CORRECT ANSWER>>> programs that control and coordinate interactions between hardware and software Motherboard - CORRECT ANSWER>>> A circuit board that contains all of the computer system's main components. CPU (Central Processing Unit) - CORRECT ANSWER>>> The key component of a computer system, which contains the circuitry necessary to interpret and execute program instructions Random Access Memory (RAM) - CORRECT ANSWER>>> Temporary memory a computer uses to store information while it is processing. Hard Drive/Disk - CORRECT ANSWER>>> *a computer device that reads, writes, and stores digital data *Permanent storage on computer
cluster computing - CORRECT ANSWER>>> Connecting server computers via software and networking so that their resources can be used to collectively solve computing tasks. logic gate - CORRECT ANSWER>>> A circuit that produces an output based on the inputs Steps to execute a computer program - CORRECT ANSWER>>> *Fetch *Decode *Execute Fetch - CORRECT ANSWER>>> computer gets instructions from RAM or Catch Decode - CORRECT ANSWER>>> CPU works out the Instructions Execute - CORRECT ANSWER>>> Computer carries out Instructions Components of a Network - CORRECT ANSWER>>> cable, Hub, Switch, NIC (network interface card), modem and router Computer Hub - CORRECT ANSWER>>> networking device that connects multiple computers or other network devices together. It has no routing tables or intelligence on where to send information Switch - CORRECT ANSWER>>> A computer networking device that connects network segments Modem - CORRECT ANSWER>>> Communications hardware device that facilitates the Transmission of data. Router - CORRECT ANSWER>>> device that forwards data packets between computer networks
Bandwidth - CORRECT ANSWER>>> The amount of data that can be transmitted over a network in a given amount of time. Network load - CORRECT ANSWER>>> the ability to balance traffic across two or more WAN links Network Latency - CORRECT ANSWER>>> the amount of time it takes for a packet of data to get across a network from one point to another HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) - CORRECT ANSWER>>> the protocol used for transmitting web pages over the Internet FTP (File Transfer Protocol) - CORRECT ANSWER>>> A protocol used to move files and folders over a network or the Internet. HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) - CORRECT ANSWER>>> the written code that creates Web pages and links; a language all computers can read IPv4 - CORRECT ANSWER>>> The Internet Protocol version 4 is the dominant protocol for routing traffic on the Internet, specifying "to" and "from" addresses using a dotted decimal such as "122.45.255.0". IPv6 (Internet Protocol version 6) - CORRECT ANSWER>>> *Internet addresses that are 64-bit IP addresses. *Uses Hexidecmial Parts of a URL - CORRECT ANSWER>>> Protocol, Subdomain, domain name, port, path https://www.yourwebservice.com:80/on-demand/default.aspx
Confidentiality - CORRECT ANSWER>>> the act of holding information in confidence, not to be released to unauthorized individuals integrity - CORRECT ANSWER>>> ensures the accuracy of data used in business processes and transactions. Availability - CORRECT ANSWER>>> Nonrepudiation - CORRECT ANSWER>>> A contractual stipulation to ensure that ebusiness participants do not deny their online actions Authentication - CORRECT ANSWER>>> verifying the identity of the person or device attempting to access the system Internet Browser - CORRECT ANSWER>>> Computer programs that read & interpret code to display a web page to the user Internet server - CORRECT ANSWER>>> Computer that responds to requests to provide information and services over the internet Internet Client - CORRECT ANSWER>>> a computer that requests services from a server markup language - CORRECT ANSWER>>> A language that provides text and graphics formatting through the use of tags. In a DataBase rows are know as... - CORRECT ANSWER>>> Record In a DataBase Columns are known as... - CORRECT ANSWER>>> Fields BIOS - CORRECT ANSWER>>> Basic Input/Output System
waterfall software development - CORRECT ANSWER>>> flows in largely one direction through the phases of conception, initiation, analysis, design, construction, testing, deployment and maintenance. RJ- 45 - CORRECT ANSWER>>> a port that looks like a large phone jack and is used by twisted-pair cable to connect to a wired network adapter or other hardware device. RJ stands for registered jack. Assembly Language - CORRECT ANSWER>>> Programming language that has the same structure and set of commands as machine languages but allows programmers to use symbolic representations of numeric machine code. Interpreted Code - CORRECT ANSWER>>> Code that is compiled on the fly each time the program is run. A recursive function is a function that: - CORRECT ANSWER>>> Calls itself, directly or indirectly. PERIPHERALS - CORRECT ANSWER>>> Physical devices that allow for data to be entered into a computer, data to be returned to the user, or functions to do both enter and return data. F1 function key - CORRECT ANSWER>>> will retrieve help when pressed while an object, property, or method of Visual Basic code is highlighted in the Visual Basic Editor. DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) - CORRECT ANSWER>>> A network service that provides automatic assignment of IP addresses and other TCP /IP configuration information. DNS - CORRECT ANSWER>>> naming system for computers, services, or other resources connected to the Internet or a private network. IP address range - CORRECT ANSWER>>> 0 to 255:
