Download Praxis Computer Sciences 5652 Study Guide Q&A rated A and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity!
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digital divide - correct answer ✅the gulf between those who have ready access to computers and the Internet, and those who do not. Solutions to digital divide - correct answer ✅*Increase affordability *Empowering usersImprove the relevance of *online content Internet infrastructure *developmentAddress gender gap in internet access Creative Commons - correct answer ✅A kind of copyright that makes it easier for people to copy, share, and build on your creative work, as long as they give you credit for it. Open Source - correct answer ✅Software that is created for free use by everyone Copyright - correct answer ✅the exclusive legal right, given to an originator or an assignee to print, publish, perform, film, or record literary, artistic, or musical material, and to authorize others to do the same. Abstraction - correct answer ✅Reducing information and detail to focus on essential characteristics. Control abstraction - correct answer ✅Don't care "How" it gets done
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Data Abstraction - correct answer ✅Representing or storing information with methods that separate layers of concerns so that the programmer can work with information while ignoring lower- level details about how the information is represented. Abstraction allows.... - correct answer ✅you to modify "parts" of a program without messing up the larger program Abstraction Hierarchy - correct answer ✅Most general concepts on top of the hierarchy and specific concepts on the bottom pattern recognition - correct answer ✅looking for similarities among and within problems Problem Decomposition - correct answer ✅The process of breaking a complex problem or system into parts that are easier to conceive, understand, program, and maintain. Binary - correct answer ✅The binary number system is base 2, using only bits 0 and 1. Hexadecimal - correct answer ✅A base-16 number system that uses sixteen distinct symbols 0-9 and A-F to represent numbers from 0 to 15. natural language - correct answer ✅Person to Person
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Merge Sort - correct answer ✅A list is split into individual lists, these are then combined (2 lists at a time). recursive algorithm - correct answer ✅solves a problem by breaking that problem into smaller subproblems, solving these subproblems, and combining the solutions. Randomization - correct answer ✅a process of randomly assigning subjects to different treatment groups Heuristic solution - correct answer ✅*A problem-solving technique which sacrifices accuracy to increase speed *Rules of Thumb Linear Algorithm - correct answer ✅Sequential search, searches by checking each element in a set. Quadratic - correct answer ✅degree of 2 exponential function - correct answer ✅Constant ratio increase logarithmic function - correct answer ✅What exponent is needed to get a number
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control structure - correct answer ✅*An instruction that determines the order in which other instructions in a program are executed *If and Loops Standard Operators - correct answer ✅==, ||, && correctness (of a program) - correct answer ✅depends on correctness of program components, including code segments and procedures Extensibility - correct answer ✅allows for future growth in a program modifiability - correct answer ✅software is able to be modified Reusability software - correct answer ✅The use of existing assets such as software, knowledge, code into new software syntax error - correct answer ✅a character or string incorrectly placed in a command or instruction that causes a failure in execution. runtime error - correct answer ✅becomes apparent when the program is executed
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Arithmetic Operators - correct answer ✅perform mathematical calculations Relational Operators - correct answer ✅Used to compare two values. Operators include =,<,>,<=,>=,<> logical operators - correct answer ✅&& [and] || [or] ! [not] floating point - correct answer ✅A type that represents numbers with fractional parts. Global scope variables - correct answer ✅*when variables are declared outside of a function
- variables declared globally can even be called from other files *can have unintended side effects Local scope variable - correct answer ✅only used for the block of code they are declared in. Event-driven programming - correct answer ✅the program is activated by events such as button clicks.
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Dictionary and maps - correct answer ✅stores data in an array Stack - correct answer ✅First In Last Out data storage Push - correct answer ✅Add item to top of stack Pop - correct answer ✅To remove an item from the top of a stack. queue - correct answer ✅Data stored in a "line" "First in, First Out" Enqueue - correct answer ✅To add an item to the rear of a queue. Dequeue - correct answer ✅To remove an item from the front of a queue. Characteristics of well-documented computer programs - correct answer ✅*Usable *Readable *Modular code review - correct answer ✅a peer review process in which programmers check over one another's work to ensure its quality
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High level programming language - correct answer ✅A programming language that hides the details of how the computer hardware solves a problem and is therefore easier for a programmer to use. Procedural Programming - correct answer ✅method of programming that uses step-by-step instructions object-oriented programming - correct answer ✅designing a program by discovering objects, their properties, and their relationships Programming Paradigm - correct answer ✅A way of approaching problems; object-oriented, functional, and imperative paradigms are three major paradigms. Functional Programming - correct answer ✅A programming paradigm that uses functions to create programs. Imperative Programming - correct answer ✅where a developer writes code that describes in exacting detail the steps that the computer must take to accomplish the goal class diagram - correct answer ✅Rectangle with name at top, variables in the middle , and methods in the bottom Inheritance - correct answer ✅when subclass get the variables and methods of a super class
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overloading a method - correct answer ✅giving two methods the same name but different method signatures overriding a method - correct answer ✅redefining a method in a subclass compilation - correct answer ✅turning programming language into machine language interpretation - correct answer ✅the result of a program source code - correct answer ✅A program in a high-level language before being compiled. object code - correct answer ✅The output of the compiler after it translates the program. 8 ______ make up 1 _______ - correct answer ✅bits, byte How to remember the smallest bits to largest bits - correct answer ✅Kilo Mega Giga Tera
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Backups - correct answer ✅copies of files that you can use to replace the originals if they're lost or damaged Data Collection - correct answer ✅The process of acquiring existing information or developing new information. aggregation - correct answer ✅information is gathered and expressed in a summary form, for purposes such as statistical analysis. data generation - correct answer ✅Development of data, frequently qualitative rather than numerical, by the data collector. Data generated by sensors - correct answer ✅input by physical environment Surveys - correct answer ✅an ordered series of questions intended to elicit information from respondents Citizen Science - correct answer ✅the collection and analysis of data relating to the natural world by members of the general public, typically as part of a collaborative project with professional scientists. Computer Operating Systems - correct answer ✅programs that control and coordinate interactions between hardware and software
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Motherboard - correct answer ✅A circuit board that contains all of the computer system's main components. CPU (Central Processing Unit) - correct answer ✅The key component of a computer system, which contains the circuitry necessary to interpret and execute program instructions Random Access Memory (RAM) - correct answer ✅Temporary memory a computer uses to store information while it is processing. Hard Drive/Disk - correct answer ✅*a computer device that reads, writes, and stores digital data *Permanent storage on computer Video Card - correct answer ✅An interface card installed in the computer to control visual output on a monitor. Also called display adapter or graphics card. Optical Drive - correct answer ✅Used for reading and writing CD and DVD Input and Output devices - correct answer ✅Keyboard, mouse, printer, etc.
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cluster computing - correct answer ✅Connecting server computers via software and networking so that their resources can be used to collectively solve computing tasks. logic gate - correct answer ✅A circuit that produces an output based on the inputs Steps to execute a computer program - correct answer ✅*Fetch *Decode *Execute Fetch - correct answer ✅computer gets instructions from RAM or Catch Decode - correct answer ✅CPU works out the Instructions Execute - correct answer ✅Computer carries out Instructions Components of a Network - correct answer ✅cable, Hub, Switch, NIC (network interface card), modem and router Computer Hub - correct answer ✅networking device that connects multiple computers or other network devices together. It has no routing tables or intelligence on where to send information
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Switch - correct answer ✅A computer networking device that connects network segments Modem - correct answer ✅Communications hardware device that facilitates the Transmission of data. Router - correct answer ✅device that forwards data packets between computer networks Bandwidth - correct answer ✅The amount of data that can be transmitted over a network in a given amount of time. Network load - correct answer ✅the ability to balance traffic across two or more WAN links Network Latency - correct answer ✅the amount of time it takes for a packet of data to get across a network from one point to another HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) - correct answer ✅the protocol used for transmitting web pages over the Internet FTP (File Transfer Protocol) - correct answer ✅A protocol used to move files and folders over a network or the Internet.
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domain name - correct answer ✅yourwebservice.com https://www.yourwebservice.com:80/on-demand/default.aspx port - correct answer ✅ 80 https://www.yourwebservice.com:80/on-demand/default.aspx path - correct answer ✅/on-demand/default.aspx purpose of IP address - correct answer ✅two principal functions: *host or network interface identification
- location addressing Five pillars of cyber security - correct answer ✅Confidentiality Integrity Availability Nonrepudiation Authentication Confidentiality - correct answer ✅the act of holding information in confidence, not to be released to unauthorized individuals
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integrity - correct answer ✅ensures the accuracy of data used in business processes and transactions. Availability - correct answer ✅ Nonrepudiation - correct answer ✅A contractual stipulation to ensure that ebusiness participants do not deny their online actions Authentication - correct answer ✅verifying the identity of the person or device attempting to access the system Internet Browser - correct answer ✅Computer programs that read & interpret code to display a web page to the user Internet server - correct answer ✅Computer that responds to requests to provide information and services over the internet Internet Client - correct answer ✅a computer that requests services from a server markup language - correct answer ✅A language that provides text and graphics formatting through the use of tags. In a DataBase rows are know as... - correct answer ✅Record
