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APEA Patho- Pregnancy
When does the male fetus begin to produce testosterone? 4 weeks' gestation 6 weeks' gestation 9 weeks' gestation 12 weeks' gestation - correct answer 9 weeks' gestation A disorder of widespread vascular endothelial malfunction and vasospasm that occurs after 20 weeks' gestation and can present as late as 4 to 6 weeks postpartum is: cardiomyopathy. essential hypertension. preeclampsia. disseminated intravascular coagulation. - correct answer preeclampsia. During pregnancy, elevation of estrogen and progesterone cause symptoms of gastric reflux due to: relaxation of the esophageal sphincter. increased gastric contents. compression of the lower bowel. decreased motility in the gastrointestinal tract. - correct answer relaxation of the esophageal sphincter. During pregnancy, relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter and increased intraabdominal pressure can predispose a patient to: anemia. urinary tract infection. aspiration.
Barrett's esophagus. - correct answer aspiration. A reduction in the number of red blood cells during pregnancy is due to: hemolytic anemia. pernicious anemia. thalassemia. iron deficiency anemia. - correct answer iron deficiency anemia. The hormone that is responsible for stimulating the uterus to contract during labor is: estrogen. progesterone. oxytocin. antidiuretic hormone. - correct answer oxytocin. Which vitamin is essential for preventing neural tube deficits in the developing fetus? Vitamin D Calcium Folate Iron - correct answer Folate HELLP syndrome in pregnancy is primarily due to: hepatomegaly. increased sodium levels. iron deficiency. endothelial dysfunction. - correct answer endothelial dysfunction. Which of the following diseases can be a result of multifactorial inheritance? Sickle cell anemia Down syndrome
progestin. prostaglandins. oxytocin. human chorionic gonadotropin. - correct answer human chorionic gonadotropin. Which hormone promotes appetite and stress reduction during pregnancy and then regulates volume and production of breast milk in the postpartum period? Progesterone Estrogen Oxytocin Prolactin - correct answer Prolactin Which one of the following is NOT a cause of the letdown reflex during lactation? A crying infant Overly full breasts Use of breast pumps A supportive bra - correct answer A supportive bra The implantation of a fertilized ovum outside the uterus is known as: an intrauterine pregnancy. an ectopic pregnancy. a spontaneous abortion. a molar pregnancy. - correct answer an ectopic pregnancy. A pregnant patient asks when the external genitalia can first be seen on ultrasound and the NP responds: at 8 weeks' gestation. at 12 weeks' gestation. at 16 weeks' gestation.
at 24 weeks' gestation. - correct answer at 16 weeks' gestation. Which condition is associated with both hypercoagulable states and alterations in blood flow? Use of oral contraceptives Inherited thrombophilia Tobacco use Pregnancy - correct answer Pregnancy Smoking decreases milk volume due to the reduction of: estrogen. progestin. prolactin. oxytocin. - correct answer prolactin. The most common gestational trophoblastic disease is: ectopic pregnancy. choriocarcinoma. invasive mole. hydatidiform mole. - correct answer hydatidiform mole. Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for ectopic pregnancy? Prolonged infertility Abdominal surgery Intrauterine device use Pelvic inflammatory disease - correct answer Abdominal surgery Which nutrient's synthesis is essential for the growth of the placenta and fetus and the expansion of maternal blood volume? Cholesterol
Which one of the following does NOT play a role in curbing the production of breast milk? Prior breast surgeries Improper nutrition Persistent anemia Progestin-only contraceptives - correct answer Progestin-only contraceptives A common cause of breastfeeding jaundice is: too little colostrum. increased prolactin levels. decreased estrogen levels. intake of greater than 1,500 calories. - correct answer too little colostrum. Premature separation of the placenta from the uterine wall is: placenta previa. abruptio placentae. marginal placenta. trophoblastic disease. - correct answer abruptio placentae. A hydatidiform mole: never contains fetal tissue. is the growth of an abnormal fertilized egg. is always benign. is unrelated to the risk of choriocarcinoma. - correct answer is the growth of an abnormal fertilized egg. Which one of the following is a hormone produced in late pregnancy that can block insulin and cause gestational diabetes? Cortisol Prolactin
Testosterone Luteinizing hormone - correct answer Cortisol The inability of the body to respond to the insulin hormone for normal metabolism of carbohydrates and sugars during pregnancy is: overt diabetes. polyhydramnios. gestational diabetes. diabetes insipidus. - correct answer gestational diabetes. At what point during gestation does the inguinal descension of the testicles begin in a male fetus? 8 weeks 12 weeks 18 weeks 28 weeks - correct answer 28 weeks Premature dilation of the cervix, usually in the fourth or fifth month of pregnancy, is caused by: cervicitis. cervical insufficiency. cervical ectropion. cervical dysplasia. - correct answer cervical insufficiency. The primary function of prolactin is: ovulation. lactation. menstruation. fertilization. - correct answer lactation. Nasal congestion and epistaxis in pregnancy are secondary to increased:
