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Question 1. Which of the following PPE items is essential when performing lockout/tagout on an elevator machine room? A) Safety harness B) Arc-flash suit C) Hearing protection D) Respirator Answer: B Explanation: Arc-flash suits protect technicians from high-energy electrical arcs that can occur when disconnecting power sources during LOTO. Question 2. The primary purpose of a lockout/tagout (LOTO) procedure in elevator maintenance is to: A) Prevent unauthorized entry into the hoistway B) Isolate all energy sources before work begins C) Ensure the car is at the main landing D) Record the maintenance performed Answer: B Explanation: LOTO isolates electrical, hydraulic, and mechanical energy to protect workers from accidental energization. Question 3. According to ASME A17.1, the minimum clearance between the top of the car and the inspection station must be at least: A) 12 in (305 mm) B) 18 in (457 mm) C) 24 in (610 mm) D) 30 in (762 mm)
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Answer: C Explanation: A17.1 requires a minimum of 24 in clearance to allow safe access for inspection and maintenance. Question 4. Which of the following is NOT a standard requirement for pit safety in elevator installations? A) Permanent sump pump with automatic switch B) Minimum pit depth of 6 ft for all elevators C) Adequate lighting of at least 10 lux D) Guardrails at the pit opening Answer: B Explanation: Pit depth varies with machine type; a universal 6 ft depth is not required. Question 5. In an emergency stop (ESTOP) circuit, the “safety string” typically includes which component? A) Car-operating relay B) Door-interlock switch C) VVVF drive controller D) Counterweight sensor Answer: B Explanation: The safety string incorporates door-interlock switches to ensure doors are closed before the car can move. Question 6. The ADA requirement for elevator door dwell time is: A) Minimum 1.5 seconds
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Question 9. The governor in a traction elevator is primarily responsible for: A) Controlling door opening speed B) Limiting car overspeed in the event of a runaway C) Adjusting counterweight balance D) Regulating VVVF drive frequency Answer: B Explanation: The governor detects excessive car speed and triggers the safety brake to prevent a runaway. Question 10. Which type of traction machine does not require a separate gear reducer? A) Geared traction machine B (Note: format requires no bullet points; continue) Answer: B Explanation: Gearless traction machines integrate the motor directly with the drive sheave, eliminating the need for a separate gear reducer. Question 11. The correct method for adjusting a machine-room-less (MRL) elevator’s counterweight is to: A) Add or remove steel plates until the balance is within ±5 lb of the rated load B) Use hydraulic pistons to shift the counterweight position C) Change the car’s suspension springs D) Re-wire the VVVF drive for a different torque curve Answer: A
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Explanation: Counterweight balance is achieved by adding or removing filler weights to meet the manufacturer’s tolerance. Question 12. In a hydraulic elevator, the relief valve is set to open at a pressure that corresponds to: A) Maximum car speed B) Maximum allowable cylinder pressure (typically 3000 psi) C) Minimum door-closing force D) Counterweight overload condition Answer: B Explanation: The relief valve protects the hydraulic circuit by venting fluid when pressure exceeds the safe limit. Question 13. Which of the following materials is most commonly used for elevator guide-rail lubrication? A) Silicone grease B) Lithium-based grease C) PTFE spray D) Mineral oil Answer: B Explanation: Lithium-based greases provide the right temperature stability and load-carrying capacity for guide rails. Question 14. The VVVF drive in a modern traction elevator primarily controls: A) Door opening sequence B) Variable speed of the traction motor
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Question 17. In escalator maintenance, the recommended interval for step-chain lubrication is: A) Every 1,000 car-travels B) Every 5,000 car-travels C) Every 10,000 car-travels D) Every 20,000 car-travels Answer: B Explanation: Manufacturers typically require step-chain lubrication every 5, travels to prevent wear. Question 18. A “comb-impact switch” is designed to: A) Detect broken steps B) Sense a passenger’s foot on the comb plate C) Measure handrail speed D) Activate the emergency stop when a step contacts the comb plate Answer: D Explanation: The comb-impact switch trips the emergency stop if a step strikes the comb plate, indicating a blockage. Question 19. The purpose of a “re-opening device” on an elevator door is to: A) Automatically close the door after a fire alarm B) Prevent the door from closing when an object is detected C) Reset the door interlock after power loss D) Adjust door dwell time dynamically Answer: B
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Explanation: Re-opening devices (e.g., infrared curtains) detect obstructions and reopen the door to avoid passenger injury. Question 20. According to ASME A17.1, the minimum height of a handrail on an escalator must be: A) 28 in (710 mm) B) 30 in (760 mm) C) 34 in (860 mm) D) 38 in (965 mm) Answer: C Explanation: The code specifies a handrail height of 34 in ± 2 in for escalators. Question 21. The term “category 1 testing” refers to: A) Full-load, full-speed test every 5 years B) No-load safety test performed annually C) Emergency-brake test after each major repair D) Fire-service recall test Answer: B Explanation: Category 1 testing is an annual no-load safety inspection covering door interlocks, limit switches, and safety circuits. Question 22. In an elevator’s electrical system, the “neutral grounding resistor” (NGR) is used to: A) Limit fault current to a safe level B) Provide a path for door-interlock current
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Question 25. Which hydraulic component is most likely to fail due to cavitation? A) Relief valve B) Pump shaft seal C) Cylinder rod D) Suction line filter Answer: D Explanation: Cavitation occurs in the suction line, causing filter blockage and reduced pump performance. Question 26. The “guide-rail tolerance” for car-rail alignment as per ASME A17. is: A) ±0.015 in (0.38 mm) B) ±0.030 in (0.76 mm) C) ±0.060 in (1.5 mm) D) ±0.100 in (2.5 mm) Answer: B Explanation: The code permits a maximum deviation of ±0.030 in for guide-rail alignment. Question 27. The purpose of a “sump pump” in an elevator pit is to: A) Provide hydraulic pressure for the car B) Remove water accumulation to prevent corrosion C) Supply cooling water for the machine room motor D) Operate the pit-door interlock Answer: B
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Explanation: Sump pumps keep the pit dry, protecting electrical components and structural steel. Question 28. In a gear-driven traction system, the “deflector sheave” functions to: A) Change the direction of the rope’s travel B) Reduce rope wear by spreading load C) Provide emergency braking force D) Measure rope tension for the governor Answer: A Explanation: The deflector sheave redirects the rope path, allowing compact machine-room layouts. Question 29. Which of the following is a required feature of a “fire-service phase II” elevator operation? A) Automatic recall to the lobby B) In-car operation by firefighters using a fire-service key C) Full disabling of the emergency brake system D) Continuous illumination of the car interior Answer: B Explanation: Phase II permits firefighters to control the elevator from within the car using a special key. Question 30. The correct sequence for a standard LOTO on a hydraulic elevator is: A) De-energize power → lock pump motor → close valve → tag
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Question 33. Which type of sensor is commonly used for “car-position detection” in modern micro-processor elevators? A) Magnetic reed switch B) Optical encoder C) Hall-effect proximity sensor D) Limit switch with mechanical cam Answer: C Explanation: Hall-effect sensors provide non-contact, high-resolution position feedback suitable for micro-processor control. Question 34. The “door-interlock” must be in the closed position before which event can occur? A) Activation of the emergency alarm B) Car can be commanded to move C) Counterweight can be engaged D) Machine-room lights can be turned on Answer: B Explanation: Door interlocks ensure that doors are fully closed before the car is allowed to travel. Question 35. When inspecting an elevator’s “rope tension,” the correct method is to: A) Measure tension with a calibrated load cell at the sheave B) Visually inspect rope sag at mid-span C) Use a dynamometer at the counterweight side only
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D) Compare rope length to manufacturer’s spec sheet Answer: A Explanation: Direct tension measurement with a load cell provides accurate data for adjusting the governor and ensuring safe operation. Question 36. The “emergency brake” in a traction elevator is actuated by: A) Hydraulic pressure from the pump B) Electrical signal from the VVVF drive C) Mechanical linkage from the governor’s flyweight D) Manual lever in the machine room Answer: C Explanation: The governor’s flyweights engage a mechanical linkage that applies the emergency brake when overspeed is detected. Question 37. For a hydraulic elevator, the “jack” is primarily made of: A) Cast iron B) Stainless steel C) High-strength carbon steel D) Aluminum alloy Answer: C Explanation: High-strength carbon steel provides the necessary load capacity and durability for the hydraulic cylinder jack. Question 38. In an escalator, “step-chain elongation” is most commonly caused by: A) Excessive lubrication
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Question 41. The “counterweight filler weight” must be installed in accordance with: A) The building’s fire-resistance rating B) The manufacturer’s weight-distribution chart C) The elevator’s maximum speed rating D) The local electrical code Answer: B Explanation: Filler weights are sized and positioned based on the manufacturer’s calculations to achieve proper balance. Question 42. In an elevator control panel, the “car-call relay” is energized when: A) A hall-call button is pressed B) The car reaches the selected floor C) The car-call button inside the car is pressed D) The emergency stop button is released Answer: C Explanation: The car-call relay responds to the car-interior button, signalling the controller to move to the requested floor. Question 43. Which of the following is a required feature of a “machine-room-less” (MRL) elevator’s safety system? A) Redundant governor units B) Additional fire-rated shaft doors C) Integrated rope-slip detector in the hoistway
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D) Separate brake-actuator motor in the pit Answer: A Explanation: MRL elevators often require redundant governor systems because the machine room is eliminated. Question 44. The “door-re-opening device” on an escalator is typically: A) A pressure-sensitive mat at the step level B) An infrared light curtain across the step entry C) A mechanical bumper on the step edge D) A magnetic sensor on the handrail Answer: B Explanation: Infrared curtains detect objects on the steps and trigger the escalator to stop and reopen the step if needed. Question 45. When performing “Category 5 testing,” which condition must be met? A) Car must travel at 75 % of rated speed with a 50 % load B) Car must travel at full speed with a 100 % rated load C) Car must travel at half speed with no load D) Car must complete a full-load test only on the top floor Answer: B Explanation: Category 5 testing requires a full-load, full-speed test every five years to verify safety under worst-case conditions. Question 46. The “V-belt” used in some door-operator assemblies must be inspected for:
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Explanation: The final limit switch is positioned beyond the top floor to stop the car if it travels too far. Question 49. The “electrical grounding system” for an elevator must be bonded to: A) Only the machine-room metal chassis B) The building’s main grounding electrode system C) The car’s interior lighting circuit only D) The VVVF drive housing alone Answer: B Explanation: The elevator’s grounding must be tied to the building’s overall grounding electrode to ensure safety. Question 50. Which of the following is a typical symptom of a failing “overspeed governor” in a traction elevator? A) Door opening slowly B) Car moving at normal speed but alarm sounding intermittently C) Car accelerating beyond rated speed without brake engagement D) Counterweight vibrating excessively Answer: C Explanation: A defective governor may not detect overspeed, allowing the car to exceed its rated speed without activating the brake. Question 51. The “step-edge guard” on an escalator is intended to: A) Reduce noise from step-chain articulation B) Prevent passenger clothing from getting caught
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C) Align steps during installation D) Provide aesthetic finish to the step perimeter Answer: B Explanation: Step-edge guards protect passengers from entrapment between steps and the comb plate. Question 52. In an elevator’s “machine-room ventilation system,” the minimum airflow rate required by ASME A17.1 is: A) 100 CFM per HP of motor rating B) 250 CFM per HP of motor rating C) 500 CFM per HP of motor rating D) 750 CFM per HP of motor rating Answer: B Explanation: The code specifies at least 250 CFM per horsepower to dissipate heat from the motor and drive. Question 53. The “door-lock relay” is energized when: A) The car reaches the selected floor B) The door-interlock switches indicate doors are fully closed C) The emergency stop button is pressed D) The VVVF drive detects a fault Answer: B Explanation: The door-lock relay ensures doors stay locked when the interlock signals they are closed.
