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Community Development:

Principles and Practices

Community Development:

Principles and Practices

 to define regional economic development in the context of community development principles and practices

 to analyze three models of organizational practice

Objectives:

Community Development: Principles

and Practices

“Rural development is the participation of people in a mutual learning experience involving themselves, their local resources, external change agents, and outside resources. People cannot be developed. They can only develop themselves by participating in activities which affect their well- being. People are not being developed when they are herded like animals into new ventures.” Julius Nyerere, 1968

Historic Perspective

 concentrated on jobs, resources, and infrastructure;  were in response to crises;  showed a rejection of community “power brokers”; and  form the background of recent efforts of the citizenry to control its own future.

Early efforts toward community development:

Definitions (contd)

Community : a “group of people with a common characteristic or interest living together within a larger society” or a “body of persons or nations having a common history or common social, economic,

and political interests”

Rural development : applications of community development principles outside of urban areas

Definitions (contd)

Principles

1. Community development is a holistic approach to addressing the community’s needs.
2. Community development is a process.
3. Empowerment results from influence, participation, and community education.

Principles (contd)

4. Development ensures environmental stewardship.
5. Development is tied to sustainability.
6. Partnerships provide access to resources.

Cultural Development

 proliferation of artists gaining international recognition and of poets, authors, and musicians

 development of theater, festivals, and films

 development of archaeological and historical sites

Community Economic Development

 is citizen-led;  is dedicated to improving lifestyles through:  wealth distribution  poverty reduction  job creation; and  provides infrastructure in support of business development.

• Participants’ Input 3.

Community Practice

(a) Social Action

(b) Social Planning

(c) Community Development

Social Planning

Agency Strategy Practitioner

1. Statistics- 1. Research 1. Social

oriented and analysis scientist

2. Specialist- 2. Data 2. Planner

oriented manipulation 3. Bureaucrat/

3. Institution/ 3. Professional academic

technical approach

Community Development

Agency Strategy Practitioner

1. Citizen-led 1. Local 1. Local CD
2. Community- planning worker

owned 2. Public 2. Group process

3. Not-for- participation professional

profit 3. Consensus- 3. Adult

building educator