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- CHITRAKALA iia K: CHITRAKA BIOSENSORS A biosensor is an analytical device which employs a biological material to specifically interact with an analyte ; this interaction produces-some detectable physical change which is measured and converted into an electrical signal by a transducer, Finally the electrical signal is amplified, interpreted and displayed as analyte concentration in the solution. An analyte is a compound whose concentration is to be determined by the biosensor. The biological materials used are usually enzymes, but nucleic acids, antibodies, lectins, whole cells, entire organs or tissue slices. The nature of interaction between the analyte and the biological material used in the biosensor may be of two types: (a)The analyte may be converted into a new chemical molecule (by enzymes ; such biosensors are called catalytic biosensors). (b)The analyte may simply bind to the biological material present on the biosensor (example, to antibodies , nucleic acids ; these biosensors are known as affinity biosensors). Biological material Detection device (or) Transducer P Enzymes Potentiometric electrodes Nucleic acid Amperometric electrodes Lectins Grating couples (optical biosensors) Cells Acoustic wave sensors Organs Conductimetric sensors Tissue slices Thermometric sensors